A study was conducted to investigate the distribution of volatile organic compounds in the juice and seed of the most popular five pomegranate cultivars ("Ekşi," "Devedişi," "Hicaz," "Katırbaşı," and "Keben") in Turkey. The volatile organic compounds were analyzed using solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 60 volatile organic compounds, belonging to six chemical groups including aldehydes, alcohols, esters, terpenes, ketones, acids, and phenol were identified. There were 11 volatile organic compounds (1-hexanol, [Z]-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octanol, α-terpineol, β-myrcene, limonene, [E]-α-bergamotene, β-caryophyllene, hexanal, [E]-2-hexenal, and guaiacol) common to all five pomegranate juices and seeds. Hexalin, phenylacetaldehyde, 3-methyl butanal, and methyl-(1-methylethenyl) benzene were found in seeds only. According to discriminant analysis based on Eigenvalues, volatile organic compounds recovered in the juices could be used to discriminate and classify the pomegranate cultivars. "Devedişi" and "Hicaz" were the most promising cultivars with respect to the largest volatile organic compounds, high total soluble solid and deep red color.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the desertification vulnerability of an approximately 1,000‐ha area in Anatolia, Turkey, comprising semiarid oak (Quercus spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) forests and the adjacent cultivated lands by using the environmental sensitivity index (ESI). We calculated the ESI values for 632 randomly selected sites in the study area by entering the desertification indicators vegetation cover, plant type, soil depth, rock fragments, soil texture, slope gradient, drainage, parent material, mean annual precipitation, slope aspect, aridity index, land use intensity, and policy enforcement into the web‐based model Desertification Indicator System for Mediterranean Europe. The spatial structure of the ESI values was then evaluated using semivariograms and kriging‐interpolated surface maps. The mean ESI value was significantly greater in the cultivated areas (1.47; range = 1.25–1.61) than in the pine (1.32; 1.03–1.45) and oak (1.28; 1.18–1.57) forests (P < 0.01). The ESI was moderately spatially dependent in the oak forests and cultivated areas and strongly spatially dependent in the pine forests, as evidenced by the corresponding semivariograms. The ordinary kriging‐interpolated maps showed that most of the cultivated areas were critically vulnerable to desertification, whereas the majority of the forested areas were moderately vulnerable. We examined how the ESI values varied with soil organic matter (OM) content as an independent variable and found that the OM content was significantly moderately correlated with the ESI (n = 632, r = −0.51, P < 0.01), suggesting that the ESI could be used to evaluate the desertification vulnerability of similar landscapes across Turkey.
This study was conducted to determine suitable plant species for reclamation of an abandoned coal mine area at Ovacik village within the borders of Yaprakli town in the province of Cankiri, Turkey. The paper comprises three basic parts: (i) sampling and analyses of several chemical-physical properties of the soil; (ii) sampling and identification of the natural plant species; and (iii) determination of topographic features of the study area by spatial analysis tools. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 30 cm depth at 15 sampling sites. Soil textural separates (percent sand, silt and clay), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), soil pH, electrical conductivity and soil organic matter (SOM) were measured. Soil properties, especially SOM content, pH and textural separates, exhibited significant variations at the sampling site. SOM content was considerably high and pH was low in the coal storage area. The plant composition of the study area was studied based on the plants collected during the period of vegetation from 2010 to 2011. The collected plants were suitably transformed to herbarium materials and identified according to modern systematic techniques. A total of 54 taxa belonging to 23 families were determined in the study area. The average slope of the study area is approximately 24% and the dominant aspect is south-east. By considering all features of the study area, a total of 28 taxa, excluding natural plant species identified on the site, were suggested for reclamation.
Bu çalışma A4 karesi içerisinde yer alan Çankırı ilinin Yapraklı ilçesinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada ilçe sınırları içerisinde yer alan Küçükyayla'nın florasını tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. İran-Turan fitocoğrafik bölgesinde bulunan çalışma alanında 2017-2018 yılları arasında arazi çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alandan toplanan bitki örneklerinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda 38 familya, 135 cinse ait 235 taksonun yayılış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Boraginaceae ve Caryophyllaceae' İçerdikleri takson sayısı bakımından büyük familyalar olarak sıralanmaktadır. Alandan toplanan türlerin fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımları ise; İran-Turan 47 takson (%20.0), Avrupa-Sibirya 27 takson (%11,5), Akdeniz 12 takson (%5,1) ve diğerleri 149 takson (%63,4) olarak sıralanmaktadır. Alanda yayılış gösteren 235 taksonun 38 adedi endemik olup, endemizm oranı %16,17'dir.
In ecological studies, soil-plant interaction is an important environmental factor. Soil chemical and physical properties affect plant richness and diversity. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties, and plant diversity indexes (Shannon-Weiner and Simpson) in semiarid grassland. Plant diversity indexes and soil properties were determined using 34 quadrats (5x5m) on different parent materials (chrome, marble, serpentine, red chalk and red chalk mostra) in semiarid grasslands in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey. Plant samples were collected and recorded periodically from April to September (the vegetation period) in 2014 for each quadrat. In order to determine the plant richness and diversity indexes, 3 sub-quadrats (1x1m) were randomly added into each of 34 (5x5 m) quadrats. To evaluate the relationship between plant diversity indexes and soil properties, composite soil samples were collected from the four corners, and the center of each quadrat 0-30 cm in depth, and which was mixing of those subsamples. Soil sand-silt-clay contents, soil reaction (pH), bulk density (BD), electrical conductivity (EC), CaCO3 and soil organic matter (SOM) contents were measured. Relationship between plant diversity indexes measured in different months during vegetation period and soil properties of different parent material was statistically analysed using correlation analysis in SPSS 20.0. Modest correlation coefficient was found between the Simpson diversity index and SOM content, sand-silt-clay content, pH and EC for different months in vegetation period.
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