The Kβ x-ray spectra of the elements from Ca to Ge have been systematically investigated using a highresolution antiparallel double-crystal x-ray spectrometer. Each Kβ 1,3 natural linewidth has been corrected using the instrumental function of this type of x-ray spectrometer, and the spin doublet energies have been obtained from the peak position values in Kβ 1,3 x-ray spectra. For all studied elements the corrected Kβ 1 x-ray lines FWHM increase linearly as a function of Z. However, for Kβ 3 x-ray lines this dependence is generally not linear in the case of 3d elements but increases from Sc to Co elements. It has been found that the contributions of satellite lines are considered to be [KM] shake processes. Our theoretically predicted synthetic spectra of Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn are in very good agreement with our high-resolution measurements, except in the case of Mn, due to the open-shell valence configuration effect (more than 7000 transitions for diagram lines and more than 100 000 transitions for satellite lines) and the influence of the complicated structure of the metallic Mn.
We present here a comprehensive analysis to understand the optimal atomic conditions for the first experimental observation of nuclear excitation by electron capture (NEEC) for the 6.85 h 93m Mo isomer with spin-parity 21/2 + . NEEC process would provide an excitation from the long-lived isomer to a "depletion" level with spin-parity 17/2 + which lies only 4.85 keV higher in energy, and is itself a shorter-lived isomer that subsequently decays releasing a substantial amount of stored energy (2429.8 keV). The depletion level decays to a 13/2 + state through a 267.9 keV transition that offers the opportunity for identification of NEEC because it does not occur in the natural decay of the long-lived isomer. It has been shown that, for the proposed approach, high-precision atomic predictions are essential to understanding the proper physical conditions under which the experimental observation of the NEEC process will be possible using a beam-based scenario.
Following the first experimental observation of 93m Mo isomer depletion via nuclear excitation by electron capture (NEEC), we consider another experimental scenario related to the 242m Am isomer for which the probability of the NEEC process is expected to be even higher than for the 93m Mo isomer. The optimum experimental conditions for the production and depletion of the 242m Am isomer in a beam-based scenario are discussed. The relevant beam-target reaction cross sections have been calculated striving to ensure effective production of the 242m Am isomer. Kinetic energies required for the NEEC process to occur have been predicted for the n = 5, 6, and 7 subshells of 242m Am ions and combined with available ion charge states at subsequent stages of the ion stopping process. The NEEC resonance strengths have been estimated for the partial contributions of individual subshells to the whole NEEC process.
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