Background: Brazil is one of the greatest bovine meat exporter in the world. However, the technologies applied at buffalo's reproduction is not specific for this specie, adapted technics were established from the cattle breed. When the animal shows weight gain, gonadal and behavioral physiology fallow this tendency and the reproductive status become good and satisfactory. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the reproduction characteristics of male buffaloes and its testicular parameters with sexual behavior. Materials, Methods & Results:Seven males Murrah breed with 67.29 ± 11.4 months of age were maintained at confinement for artificial shading. The testicular parameter was performed in restraint trunk and the sexual behavior evaluation was done with an estrus female. The sexual behavior was performed with an estrous female as a dummy. The testicular biometry was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experimental design, with the follow parameters: length, width, depth/thickness, scrotal circumference and the total volume. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance, and the means was compared with the Student-Newman-Keuls test, with significance difference P < 0.05 between the medians. The differences in the parameters were scrotal circumference (23.36 cm vs 24.86 cm), testicular length (8.71 cm vs 9.77 cm), right testicular width (8.57 cm vs 9.53 cm) and testicular volume (1.627.40 cm 3 vs 2.149,68 cm 3 ), respectively. The sexual behavior showed an increase in the Flehmen reflex, mounts (service capacity) and libido (2.00 vs 11.71; 0.57 vs 5.43; regular behavior vs very good behavior, respectively). Discussion: An increase in the testicular circumference was observed at the end of the experimental period with the values between 23.36 cm vs 24.86 cm. However, even with this increase of the testicular parameters it is lower than other male buffaloes with 36 months age. In Brazilian conditions, the testicular circumference variation is between 24.5 cm and 34 cm in animals with 60 months of age. These data shows that there are variations of the testicular parameters due to different systems of buffaloes breeding. When compared to cattle, buffaloes shows lower input of reproductive biotechnology. At the same way, the testicular growth and development depends of the nutrition and management used at the farm. In an inefficient system, buffaloes and bovine breeding could lose weight, testicular mass, and reduce testicular parameters. Besides that, the buffaloes can perform an improvement of a general condition when improvement of nutrition care occurs. The testicular parameters presents high correlation with the corporal and testicular development, which can be correlate to age and weight. Those parameters could help with the reproductive ability of the buffalo. The sexual behavior was increased and observed in the Flehmen reflex, service capacity and libido after the animal's adaptation to the reproductive management. The buffaloes are animals extremely adaptable to different conditions, but...
Endometritis, which refers to chronic inflammation of the superficial layers of the uterus, is caused by a failure of the defense mechanism to eliminate antigens, and is a common cause of infertility in mares. Therefore, ultrasound examination is essential during diagnosis to perform the differentials. Typically, treatments that cleanse the uterus are used to treat endometritis and are they also beneficial in mare reproduction. However, alternative therapies, which are less expensive, are needed for the treatment of this disease. Taking this into account, ozone gas was used to control the microorganisms associated with this disease (virus, bacteria, and fungi). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of ozonized Lactated Ringer's Solution (LRS) infused into the uterus, as an alternative therapy for recurrent endometritis. Five animals (n = 5) with previous reproductive issues were treated during the estrus phase with ozonized Lactated Ringer's Solution. Cytology, microbiology, and uterine and ovarian ultrasound examinations were performed to evaluate uterine edema and follicular dynamics. At the end of the treatment, 20% of the animals showed positive results in embryo recovery. Such improvement in embryo recovery is the caused by the decrease in polymorphonuclear cells and the absence of infection by microorganisms in the uterus. In some mares, it was possible to observe a recovery in embryo production despite a history of infertility. Therefore, the use of ozone in the uterus could modulate inflammatory responses to increase embryo recovery in mares with fertility problems.
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