Data from 1500 patients affected by spina bifida have been collected in a multi centre study in Spain from 1986 to 1988. This paper is concerned with a part of the data, specifically regarding the walking of patients and certain factors that influence the prognosis for ambulation.The neurological level of lesion most commonly present was lumbosacral (65.6%). Hydrocephalus was frequent (62% of the sample), and has significant implications regarding prognosis for walking.Hip dislocation (32%) and scoliosis (22.9%) were orthopaedic problems noted in our sample. Pressure sores appeared in 31.7% of the patients.The onset of walking ability has been studied; 15% of the sample started walking at an age older than 5 years.Finally, different modalities of ambulation are described according to the use of ancillary devices, and in independence in activities of daily living.
ResumenIntroducción: A pesar del creciente interés que despiertan en nuestro país la Incontinencia Urinaria (IU), la enuresis nocturna y la Vejiga Hiperactiva (VH), no existe ningún estudio epidemiológico que evalúe la prevalencia de estas patologías en los diferentes grupos sobre los que se asientan, de la población general de España. Material y Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico, observacional, multicéntrico y de ámbito nacional. Se recogieron datos, a través de encuestas en 5 áreas representativas de todo el ámbito nacional y en cuatro grupos de la población: 1) Mujeres, laboralmente activas (entre 25 y 64 años); 2) Varones, laboralmente activos (entre 50 y 64 años); 3) Niños en enseñanza primaria (entre 6 y 11 años); y 4) Personas mayores de 65 años institucionalizadas con nivel cognitivo conservado. La encuesta a población adulta y ancianos incluía dos partes: 1) variables socio-demográficas y antecedentes de la historia clínica; y 2) sobre síntomas de VH e IU. La encuesta a niños incluía variables socio-demográficas y sobre ingesta de líquidos y control de la orina. Resultados: El porcentaje de respuesta en los diferentes grupos del estudio osciló entre el 79,7% y el 98%. La prevalencia de VH y de IU aisladas en mujeres laboralmente activas fue de 2,69% y 4,01% respectivamente; en varones fue de 3,55% y 0,56%; en personas de más de 65 años fue de 9,14% y 15,16%. En conjunto el 9,94% (95% IC= 8,9-11,04) de las mujeres estudiadas padecían una o las dos patologías, porcentaje que fue de 5,14% (95% IC= 3,89 -6,63) para varones y de 53,71% (95% IC= 50,56-56,85) para personas de más de 65 años. La prevalencia de enuresis nocturna en niños fue de 7,82% (95% IC= 6,62-9,17). Conclusión: La prevalencia de VH y/o IU en España se acerca al 10% en mujeres entre 25 y 64 años, está alrededor del 5% en varones entre 50 y 65 años y es superior al 50% en personas de más de 65 años de ambos sexos; la prevalencia de enuresis nocturna en niños entre 6 y 11 años está alrededor del 8%.Palabras clave: Incontinencia urinaria. Vejiga Hiperactiva. Epidemiología. Prevalencia. Población general. Prevalencia de Incontinencia Urinaria y Vejiga Hiperactiva en la población española: resultados del estudio EPICC AbstractBackground: Despite the growing interest on Urinary Incontinence (UI) in our country, nocturnal enuresis and Overactive Bladder (OAB), there are no epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of these health problems in the different affected groups of the general population. Patients and methods: This is an epidemiologic, observational, multicentre and national study. Data were collected by means of personal interviews in 5 representative areas from Spain and in 4 groups of population: 1) working women (25-64 years old); 2) working men (50-64 years old); 3) children attending primary school (6-11 years old); and 4) elderly institutionalized subjects (over 65 years old) with no mental impairment. The Interview addressed to adult population included two parts: 1) socio-demographic variables and clinical history; and 2) data about OA...
The purpose of this paper is to describe the medical attention that is given to patients affected by myelomeningocele in Spain. We have used information extracted from the 'Multi centre study of patients suffering from spina bifida in Spain'. This material was collected between 1986 and 1988 from experiences with 1500 patients all over our country. 52.9% of the patients were male, and 47% female, and of the total number, 72.2% were under 15 years of age. Most of these patients attended public hospitals (78.5%) and on average each one had been admitted about seven times. The cost of hospitalisation of the sample has been assessed. Urology, orthopaedic surgery and rehabilitation are the special ties most involved. The most frequent complications were those related to the urinary system (66.1%).
Enuresis is a common disorder which is significantly more frequent in boys as compared to girls and whose prevalence decreases with age. It has a significant hereditary component. Most enuresis sufferers take measures against urine losses.
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