Aims The EURO-ENDO registry aimed to study the management and outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Methods and results Prospective cohort of 3116 adult patients (2470 from Europe, 646 from non-ESC countries), admitted to 156 hospitals in 40 countries between January 2016 and March 2018 with a diagnosis of IE based on ESC 2015 diagnostic criteria. Clinical, biological, microbiological, and imaging [echocardiography, computed tomography (CT) scan, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT)] data were collected. Infective endocarditis was native (NVE) in 1764 (56.6%) patients, prosthetic (PVIE) in 939 (30.1%), and device-related (CDRIE) in 308 (9.9%). Infective endocarditis was community-acquired in 2046 (65.66%) patients. Microorganisms involved were staphylococci in 1085 (44.1%) patients, oral streptococci in 304 (12.3%), enterococci in 390 (15.8%), and Streptococcus gallolyticus in 162 (6.6%). 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed in 518 (16.6%) patients and presented with cardiac uptake (major criterion) in 222 (42.9%) patients, with a better sensitivity in PVIE (66.8%) than in NVE (28.0%) and CDRIE (16.3%). Embolic events occurred in 20.6% of patients, and were significantly associated with tricuspid or pulmonary IE, presence of a vegetation and Staphylococcus aureus IE. According to ESC guidelines, cardiac surgery was indicated in 2160 (69.3%) patients, but finally performed in only 1596 (73.9%) of them. In-hospital death occurred in 532 (17.1%) patients and was more frequent in PVIE. Independent predictors of mortality were Charlson index, creatinine > 2 mg/dL, congestive heart failure, vegetation length > 10 mm, cerebral complications, abscess, and failure to undertake surgery when indicated. Conclusion Infective endocarditis is still a life-threatening disease with frequent lethal outcome despite profound changes in its clinical, microbiological, imaging, and therapeutic profiles.
Objectives The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that end-systolic volume (ESV), as a marker of severity of left ventricular (LV) remodeling, influences the relationship between myocardial viability and survival in patients with coronary artery disease and LV systolic dysfunction. Background Retrospective studies of ischemic LV dysfunction suggest that severity of LV remodeling determines whether myocardial viability predicts improved survival with surgical (CABG) compared to medical (MED) therapy, with CABG only benefitting patients with viable myocardium who have smaller ESV. However, this has not been tested prospectively. Methods Interactions of ESV index (ESVI), myocardial viability and treatment with respect to survival were assessed in patients in the prospective randomized STICH trial of CABG vs MED who underwent viability assessment (n=601, age 61±9 years, ejection fraction ≤35%), median follow-up 5.1 years. Median ESVI was 84 ml/m2. Viability was assessed by SPECT or dobutamine echocardiography using prespecified criteria. Results Mortality was highest among patients with larger ESVI and non-viability (P<0.001), but no interaction was observed between ESVI, viability status, and treatment assignment (P=0.491). Specifically, the effect of CABG versus MED in patients with viable myocardium and ESVI ≤84 ml/m2 (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.56,1.29) was no different than in patients with viability and ESVI >84 ml/m2 (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.57,1.31). Other ESVI thresholds yielded similar results, including ESVI ≤60 ml/m2 (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.44,1.74). ESVI and viability assessed as continuous rather than dichotomous variables yielded similar results (P=0.562). Conclusions Among patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, those with greater LVESVI and no substantial viability have worse prognosis. However, the effect of CABG relative to MED is not differentially influenced by the combination of these two factors. Lower ESVI does not identify patients in whom myocardial viability predicts better outcome with CABG relative to MED.
BackgroundThere is ongoing debate regarding the efficacy of the radial artery (RA) as an aortocoronary conduit, with few solid data regarding long-term clinical results. We sought to determine if the use of the RA as the second arterial conduit, beside left internal thoracic artery (LITA), would improve long-term clinical outcome after CABG as compared to saphenous vein graft (SVG).MethodsBetween March 2001 and November 2003, 200 patients underwent isolated CABG and were randomized in 1:1 fashion to receive either LITA and RA grafts or LITA and SVGs. The primary end point was composite of cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction and need for repeat myocardial revascularization (either surgical or percutaneous).ResultsThere was no significant difference in absolute survival, with 12 deaths in each group during the study period (log rank = 0.01, p = 0.979). There were 3 and 2 cardiac deaths in RA and SVG groups, respectively. There was no difference in long-term clinical outcome between the groups (log rank = 0.450, p = 0.509). Eleven patients in RA group had one or more non-fatal events; 7 patients suffered a myocardial infarction, 9 patients underwent percutaneous coronary angioplasty, and 1 patient required redo coronary surgery. Likewise, 13 patients in SVG group had non-fatal event; 7 patients had myocardial infarction, 13 patients had percutaneous coronary intervention and 3 patients required redo coronary surgery. Angiograms were performed in 23 patients in RA group (patency rate 92 %) and 24 in SVG group (patency rate 86 %) (p = 0.67).ConclusionIn this small randomised study our data indicate that there is no difference in the 8 year clinical outcomes in relatively young patients between those having a RA or a saphenous vein graft used as a second conduit, beside LITA, for surgical myocardial revascularisation.
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