The Sumapaz is a strategic region foremost for its ecosystem interest, but also for the social, economic, cultural and historical development as a result of social construction by its inhabitants. Producer organizations in the region carry out transition processes towards agro-ecological production in the territory, considering it as an important technical approach for the moorland ecosystem protection. This study has the aim of analyzing the territorial governance configuration implicit in Agroecological Transition Processes (PTA) in the Sumapaz region through indicators of governance. To ensure this objective, i) eight organizations in PTA were selected and characterized through the Analytical Governance Framework (MAG): first, identifying strengths in the entailment of organizations to governance processes; second, considering the recognition of the actors to the agroecological process and conservation of the moorland; third, the consolidation of organizations in the territory. Subsequently ii) governance was analyzed with a proposed model constructed through expert's consultations, around five strategic dimensions (sustainability, effectiveness, participation, legitimacy and efficiency) and including to the evaluation five relational dynamics (trust, cooperation, proximity, synergies and coherence). Finally, iii) the way in which governance processes drive agroecology was evaluated, through the calculation of the territorial governance index -(IGT). The results reveal that key indicators for governance are: the solidarity economy initiatives, the coherence of collective objectives and resource management. A global index of 62% (average) was determined, with strengths in the dimensions of participation (17%) and legitimacy (16%). In the end, recommendations are also generated to enhance territorial governance processes as a key factor to promote the agroecological transition in the Sumapaz territory.

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Summary1. Eutrophication remains a major stress for freshwater biodiversity. Its deleterious consequences on biodiversity are well documented for large waterbodies. However, the impact of eutrophication may differ in smaller waterbodies, such as ponds and small lakes, which generally support naturally high levels of nutrients in lowlands. Furthermore, this response could depend on the scale considered, from local (individual waterbody, alpha diversity) to regional (the network of waterbodies, gamma diversity). It is also unclear whether the richness of threatened species responds in the same way as the richness of the whole assemblage. 2. The present study investigates local-and regional-scale consequences of eutrophication on taxonomic richness (all taxa) and conservation value (threatened taxa) in temperate lowland small waterbodies. Five taxonomic groups were investigated: macrophytes, gastropods, water beetles, adult dragonflies and amphibians, in a set of natural waterbodies and a set of enriched waterbodies covering a large nutrient gradient from mesotrophic to hypertrophic conditions. 3. Globally, our study did not reveal consistent, systematic responses to eutrophication. For macrophytes, the richness and conservation value suffered from eutrophication at both local and regional scales. In contrast, for amphibians and gastropods, eutrophication did not impair biodiversity at the local nor the regional scale. Dragonflies and water beetles showed intermediate situations, with an impairment by eutrophication varying according to the type of waterbodies considered. At the regional scale, each trophic status, even the nutrient richest, brought an original contribution to biodiversity. 4. Synthesis and applications. The management of eutrophication for small lowland waterbodies has to be considered differently than for lakes. For an individual waterbody (the local scale), nutrient enrichment is not necessarily a major impairment and its impact depends on the taxonomic group considered. Conversely, at the landscape scale, eutrophication is a major pressure on small waterbody biodiversity, especially because nutrient-rich small waterbodies are dominant in the landscape. Therefore, conservation efforts should integrate the notion of pond regional networks or 'pondscapes', where the regional biodiversity is supported by a mosaic of trophic conditions, and promote the presence of less rich waterbodies.