Evidence-based guidelines led to significant reduction in opioids and sedatives exposure, and in the number of infants requiring methadone for iatrogenic narcotic dependence.
Endothelial progenitor cells are circulating blood cells derived from various sources like bone marrow, spleen, umbilical cord, liver, kidney and other sources that play a vital role in the regeneration of the endothelial lining of blood vessels and wound repair. There are two types of EPCs, early EPCs and late EPCs. EPCs are believed to originate from hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The mobilization of progenitor cells from bone marrow to the peripheral circulation is highly regulated under both normal physiological conditions and stress. EPCs contribute to neovascularization and tissue repair in the musculoskeletal, neural tissues and the bone which are mobilized and recruited to the injured tissue. Cell-based therapies of endothelial progenitor cells are time-consuming and expensive for performing in-vitro cell expansion procedures. New therapeutic approaches are being developed using animal models based on the specific functions of EPC in and experiments which have revealed the importance of various signalling pathways. It has been clear that the activation state of EPCs is critical to the vessel repair process and the role has not been completely understood.
Background:
Protein tyrosine phosphatases are enzymes which help in the signal transduction
in diabetes, obesity, cancer, liver diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. PTP1B is the main
member of this enzyme from the protein extract of human placenta. In phosphate inhibitors development,
significant progress has been made over the last 10 years. In early-stage clinical trials, few compounds
have reached whereas in the later stage trials or registration, yet none have progressed. Many
researchers investigate different ways to improve the pharmacological properties of PTP1B inhibitors.
Objective:
In the present review, authors have summarized various aspects related to the involvement of
PTP1B in various types of signal transduction mechanisms and its prominent role in various diseases
like cancer, liver diseases and diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion:
There are still certain challenges for the selection of PTP1B as a drug target. Therefore,
continuous future efforts are required to explore this target for the development of PTP inhibitors to
treat the prevailing diseases associated with it.
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