Abstract. Calculational Style of Programming, while very appealing, has several practical difficulties when done manually. Due to the large number of proofs involved, the derivations can be cumbersome and errorprone. To address these issues, we have developed automated theorem provers assisted program and formula transformation rules, which when coupled with the ability to extract context of a subformula, help in shortening and simplifying the derivations. We have implemented this approach in a Calculational Assistant for Programming from Specifications (CAPS). With the help of simple examples, we show how the calculational assistant helps in taking the drudgery out of the derivation process while ensuring correctness.
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Existing attempts towards including formal methods in introductory programming courses focus on introducing program verification tools. When using the verification tools, there is no structured help available to the students in the actual task of implementing the program, except for the hints provided by the failed proof obligations. In contrast, in the correct-by-construction programming methodology, programs are incrementally derived from their specifications.By restricting our attention to program derivation, we have identifed a small core of the formal method concepts that can easily be taught in the first two years of a computing curricula. Based on our learning from multiple years of paper and pencil based teaching, we have developed a programming assistant tool that addresses several of the issues faced by the students in the manual program derivation. The tool ensures that the most common students' error of performing incorrect proofs does not happen.
In this paper, we describe an IDE called CAPS (Calculational Assistant for Programming from Specifications) for the interactive, calculational derivation of imperative programs. In building CAPS, our aim has been to make the IDE accessible to non-experts while retaining the overall flavor of the pen-and-paper calculational style. We discuss the overall architecture of the CAPS system, the main features of the IDE, the GUI design, and the trade-offs involved.
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