In this work, fiber distribution through the cross-sections of compact yarns and their packing density values was investigated to provide a better understanding of the internal structures of compact yarns produced by different compact spinning systems, since there is no information available so far regarding their internal structure. The results of packing density analysis indicated that compact yarns had nearly 15—30% higher packing density values compared to that of the conventional ring spun yarns. Also, the packing density values of compact yarns produced by three different compact yarn spinning systems, namely Rieter K44, Suessen Elite and Zinser Air-Com-Tex700, revealed that there were no significant differences among these systems in terms of yarn packing density values.

This study compared the characteristic properties of the yarns produced on three different yarn spinning systems with the same material. These spinning systems are conventional ring, compact, and compact-jet. Compact-jet is a proper combination of compact and jetring-spinning systems and therefore it is less known. On the other hand, conventional ring and compact spinning systems are well known in the spinning field. When the compact-jet spinning system was designed, it was aimed to gather the advantages of the jetring and compact spinning systems. Therefore, an air nozzle was placed between the exit of the RoCoS compact unit and the yarn guide of the spinning system. At the end of the study, it was determined that the compact-jet yarn properties are different from that of the conventional ring and compact yarns. The compact-jet spinning system is mainly effective on yarn hairiness and compact-jet yarn is superior compared with other yarns.

It is well known that yarn produced using the compact spinning technique, which has been introduced as one of the best spinning innovations of this century, has superior yarn structure and quality, especially in terms of hairiness and strength. However, there are different compact spinning systems on the market from different manufacturers and information concerning the favorable and unfavorable properties of each would be of great interest. In this study, we compared the properties of yarn spun on the three main compact spinning systems commonly used today. To maintain impartiality it was preferable to refer to these three systems as system A, system B, and system C instead of using their trade names. It was found that system B seemed to be more suitable for finer yarns whereas system A generally gave better results for medium to coarse counts.

One of the clearest indicators of visual pollution in the cities are their silhouettes. Silhouettes are the faces of physical structure and historical accumulation of cities. But today many cities are full of buildings that are incompatible with each other, that are disrespectful to the environment and that have no identity. Generally, city silhouettes consist of concrete façades, they have changed into common appearances that do not stamp themselves in people's minds, and the historical environments have disappeared in this chaos.Trabzon is a coastal city where green and blue meets and which were famous for its orchards, tangerine gardens and terraces that reached the coast. But rapid and unplanned urbanization is changing the city. Moreover, with its history of thousands of years, it is not possible to see these riches effectively in the city which carries the traces of different civilisations. This paper seeks to investigate the traces of change and transformation that the city has undergone in the silhouette of the city. Interventions in the city and visual pollutions in the city silhouette as a result of these interventions will be considered. In this context, by comparing the new photos of the city with the old ones, the aesthetic value and visual quality of the city will be evaluated.

No abstract