ResumoO feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma fabacea bastante difundida em todo território nacional. A baixa qualidade de suas sementes representa uma das principais causas de baixa produtividade nas lavouras de feijão no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de nove cultivares de feijão provenientes do Estado de Goiás. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada através dos testes de germinação e vigor, e a análise sanitária, através dos métodos de papel de filtro, para verificar a ocorrência de fungos em geral, e do método de Koch e Menten, para a avaliação de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary. As cultivares que tiveram os melhores desempenhos nos testes fisiológicos foram Xamego, BRS Radiante, Bambu e Pérola. As cultivares Jalo Precoce, Roxo 90, Corrente e Aporé apresentaram baixos índices de vigor e germinação de plântulas normais, além de apresentarem os maiores índices de sementes mortas. Quanto à sanidade, verificou-se a incidência dos fungos Fusarium sp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Rhizopus sp. e Botrytis sp. Palavras-chave: Vigor, germinação, patologia de sementes e feijão AbstractThe common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a fabacea sufficiently spread out in all domestic territory. However, the quality of its seeds represents one of the main causes of low productivity in the beans farmings in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and sanitary seed qualities of eleven bean cultivars. The physiological seed quality was evaluated trough standard germination and vigor tests. The sanitary seed quality was evaluated through two tests: blotter test was employed to evaluate fungi incidence and "Koch & Menten" method was employed to observe Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary occurrence. Xamego, BRS Valente, Bambu and Pérola had the best results of physiological tests. Jalo Precoce, Roxo 90, Corrente and Aporé had no good results of vigor and germination, besides presenting the lowest indices of died seeds. Fusarium sp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Rhizopus sp. and Botrytis sp. were the fungi detected in the sanity tests.

Information on damages caused by blast (Pyricularia oryzae) on wheat seed productivity is still scarce, especially studies on the effect of this on germination and vigor. This study aimed at evaluating blast damages on the productivity and quality of wheat seeds as a function of the initial inoculum in the field. Treatments were arranged in factorial 4x5: inoculations in four wheat genotypes (BRS 264, CD 116, CD 104 and VI 98053) with five doses of initial inoculum of P. oryzae (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% of inoculated plants). The inoculation occurred in the stage of completely emerged spikes. The following determinations were made: incidence of blast in plants, dry matter mass of 100 plants, seed mass of 100 plants, productivity, germination, first count, germination speed index, dry mass of seedlings, hectolitric weight and incidence of P. oryzae in the seeds. There is a reduction in the productivity and physiological quality of the seeds of the genotypes due to the initial inoculum in the field. The transmission of P. oryzae occurs from the mother plant to the wheat seeds. In these genotypes, it is recommended not to use as seeds the ones coming from fields with blast incidence from 20% on in the plants, close to seed maturation.

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Transmission studies of Pyricularia graminis-tritici by wheat seed can help establishing pathogen tolerance standards in crops. Four genotypes, each one with different responses to blast, were inoculated with five volumes of fungal suspension (1,5x10 5 spores.mL -1 ), in order to obtain 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% of plants inoculated in the experimental unit. The potential of transmission of P. graminis-tritici from plant to seed was evaluated by the incidence of the fungus in the seeds produced. Under controlled conditions, the transmission rate of the fungus from seed to seedling was evaluated. Blast incidence in field allowed a high incidence of P. graminis-tritici in the seeds, especially in the genotypes considered susceptible. The transmission of fungus from the seeds to seedlings occurred 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, at low rates. There was a relationship between the presence of blast in field and the incidence of P. graminis-tritici in seeds produced by the genotypes BRS 264, VI 98053, CD 116 and CD 104. Inoculation of 5, 10, 20 and 30% of plants with fungus can generate a high incidence of the pathogen in field and in the seeds produced, but it doesn`t guarantee a high transmission rate from seed to seedling, which is low under controlled conditions. Potencial de transmissão de Pyricularia graminis-tritici planta-semente e sementeplântula em genótipos de trigo com graus diferentes de resistência a brusone RESUMO -Estudos da transmissão de Pyricularia graminis-tritici pela semente de trigo podem auxiliar no estabelecimento de padrões de tolerância do patógeno na cultura. Quatro genótipos diferentes quanto à reação à brusone foram inoculados com cinco volumes da suspensão fúngica (1,5x10 5 esporos.mL -1 ), de modo a obter 0, 5, 10, 20 e 30% de plantas inoculadas na unidade experimental. O potencial de transmissão de P. graminis-tritici planta-semente foi avaliado pela incidência do fungo nas sementes produzidas. Em condições controladas, avaliou-se a taxa de transmissão do fungo da semente à plântula. A incidência da brusone no campo possibilitou elevada incidência de P. graminis-tritici nas sementes, principalmente nos genótipos considerados suscetíveis. Ocorreu transmissão do fungo da semente para plântula aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a semeadura e as taxas foram baixas. Existe relação entre a presença da brusone no campo e a incidência de P. graminis-tritici nas sementes produzidas pelos genótipos BRS 264, VI 98053, CD 116 e CD 104. A inoculação de 5, 10, 20 e 30% de plantas com o fungo pode gerar alta incidência do patógeno no campo e nas sementes produzidas, mas não garante elevada taxa de transmissão da semente para a plântula, que é baixa em condições controladas.Termos para indexação: Triticum aestivum, patologia de sementes, transmissibilidade, condições controladas, padrões de tolerância.

We evaluated the effect of the priming with polyethyleneglicol (PEG) 6000 followed or not of drying on two lots of eggplant seeds with medium and low vigor respectively. The seeds were submitted to the treatments of priming with PEG 6000 in the osmotic potentials of -0.6, -0.9 and -1.2 MPa during 48 or 96 hours of priming with and without subsequent drying. For the soaking of seeds in osmotic solutions, these were placed over three sheets of paper boxes such germitest gerbox conditioning moistened with each solution in a 3:1 ratio. The control group was represented by unprimed seeds. The priming for both lots provided higher values in relation to the vigor through the first counting of germination, seedlings and primary root length, germination and emergence rates, emergence and dry weight of seedlings when compared to the non-primed seeds. These results were not verified for germination; significant differences practically were not observed in relation to the controls. Improvements in relation to the vigour were not higher on lot 2 than those obtained on lot 1. The priming with PEG 6000 with subsequent drying increased the vigor of eggplant seeds of the cultivar Morro Grande in relation to those non-primed, however, without differences in the germination.