Pitaya species cultivation in Brazil is recent, and information on the production of the species Selenicereus megalanthus, known as yellow pitaya, is non-existent because research in the country has focused on the species Hylocereus undatus. The research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the reproductive phenology of the species S. megalanthus, in a high-altitude climate conditions in Brazil. The study orchard of yellow pitaya was located at an altitude of 726 metres, 18º 04' 15" S latitude and 43º 28' 15" W longitude, and has an Aw climate, classified as high-altitude tropical. Phenological evaluations were carried out through visual observations, from the beginning of floral button formation until the end of the fruit harvest, during three production cycles. On each plant, flower buds were marked to determine the time from floral button formation until flower anthesis and from flower fertilisation until fruit ripening. The period of flowering and harvesting of the yellow pitaya was determined according to the phenological stage records. Flowering began in the spring, with successive flowering events until the autumn. The time between floral button formation until anthesis ranged from 46 to 55 days. The time from flower fertilisation until fruit ripening ranged from 96 to 110 days. Fruit harvest began in the summer and ended in winter. The reproductive cycle of S. megalanthus is longer than H. undatus and H. polyrhizus, which are also cultivated in Brazil, ranging from 147 to 166 days from floral button formation to fruit harvest.
Characterization works of pitayas show that the potassium (K) is the nutrient most exported, thus, influences in the productivity and quality of this fruit. However, these researches do not report the nutrients export by pitaya's associating the fertilization carried out in the orchard, information that is relevant to make the nutrients reposition adequate at the time of fertilization. The research was carried out to evaluate the supply of K2O in the export of nutrients and productivity of the Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus pitaya species. The analysis was carried out in the mature fruits harvested in two harvests. Potassium fertilization was performed at doses of 0; 50; 100 and 200 g of K2O per plant. Nutrient export per ton of fruit was calculated from the determination of the nutrient levels and the dry matter of the pitaya pulp. The export of nutrients by the pitaya of the species H. undatus and H. polyrhizus occurs in the following order: K>N>P>Ca>Mg> and Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn>B. These species of pitaya have similar nutritional requirements, enabling them to be receive same fertilization management. The amount of nutrients exported was higher in plants fertilized with potassium due to the higher productivity achieved. Orchards of pitaya that reach high productivity require a greater quantity of nutrients, due to the increase export by the fruits.
O objetivo foi verificar aspectos de segurança e saúde de trabalhadores rurais que desenvolvem suas atividades em dois municípios do Alto Jequitinhonha, Estado de Minas Gerais, por meio de aplicação de pesquisa de opinião. Foi definida uma amostra representativa de 60 propriedades rurais abrangendo os municípios de Diamantina e Couto de Magalhães de Minas. Em cada propriedade rural foi aplicado um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas. O levantamento foi caracterizado pela pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, explicativa e de opinião. O acidente mais frequente foi com objetos cortantes ou penetrantes (28,3%). Cerca de 66,7% desses trabalhadores rurais disseram que dificilmente realizam exames médicos e 51,7% deles não utilizam o equipamento de proteção individual. Os resultados mostram que 26,7% não conhecem a Norma Regulamentadora 31 e 40% dos trabalhadores não conhecem os riscos da sua atividade. Além disso, foram registrados que problemas relacionados a coluna ocorre em 41,7% dos casos. No ambiente de trabalho, 46,7% dos trabalhadores rurais desejam ter maior disponibilidade de equipamentos de proteção. Com base nesse estudo, sugere-se uma nova abordagem dessa temática na região, com um maior conjunto de dados e novas variáveis que interferem no dia a dia dos produtores.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo da Norma Regulamentadora do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, NR-28, “Fiscalização e Penalidades”, com produtores rurais do município de Diamantina, Estado de Minas Gerais, e, por meio de Ferramentas e Técnicas de Gerenciamento de Projetos conscientizá-los quanto à necessidade de organização de suas propriedades rurais. O total de multas que um proprietário que possui de 1-10 trabalhadores pagaria se todos os itens analisados não estiverem em conformidade com a norma seria R$ 5.801,5 (mínimo) e R$ 7.191,18 (máximo). Se na propriedade possuir de 11-25 trabalhadores os valores das multas ficam R$ 7.137,97 (mínimo) e R$ 8.503,21 (máximo). Com um bom planejamento é possível melhorar a infraestrutura de uma propriedade e preservar a segurança e saúde do produtor rural, depois das mudanças realizadas é recomendado mantê-las com o uso de ferramentas e técnicas de gerenciamento como o “checklist”, relatórios de auditoria e listas de verificação que fazem parte do gerenciamento da qualidade do projeto, visto que têm por finalidade buscar manter as adequações que foram feitas e buscar dar uma qualidade de trabalho melhor. Cabe ao produtor querer fazer as mudanças na propriedade para ter um trabalho mais seguro.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pruning and training system type on the agronomic performance of the perennial cultivation of physalis (Physalis peruviana), in high-altitude tropical and humid temperate regions in Southeastern Brazil. The experiments were carried out in the municipalities of Diamantina (humid temperate climate) and Couto de Magalhães de Minas (high-altitude tropical climate), both in the state of Minas Gerais, in two cycles (2017/2018 and 2018/2019). In the first cycle, two types of training system were evaluated, one with formation pruning to define the number of stems for espalier training and the other free (without pruning and espalier). In the second cycle, renewal pruning was evaluated in each training system. Physalis cultivation in regions with humid temperate climate and mild temperatures favors high yields and large fruits. The training system in espalier with formation pruning facilitates plant management and increases productivity. The viability of the perennial cultivation of physalis varies according to the climatic conditions of the cultivation site and to the training system adopted.
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