To evaluate the impact of the additional use of early neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on an early mobilization (EM) protocol.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial.
BackgroundThe diterpene Sclareol has antimicrobial action, cytotoxic and cytostatic
effects and anti-tumor activities. However, researches on the cardiovascular
system are scarce.ObjectiveThis study was designed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the
Sclareol cardiovascular effect in normotensive and hypertensive rats.MethodsThe arterial hypertension was promoted using 2-kidneys 1-clip model in rats.
The effect of sclareol on blood pressure was performed by using three dose
(10, 20 and 40 mg/kg). Cumulative dose-response curves for Sclareol were
determined for endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings in
presence or absence of L-NAME and ODQ. The NOx levels were measure in the
plasma sample.ResultsThe Sclareol administration in vivo caused a significant reduction in blood
pressure in both groups. In vitro the sclareol promoted relaxation in aorta,
with endothelium, pre-contracted to Phe. The inhibitors of the nitric oxide
synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase were as efficient as the removal of
endothelium, in inhibiting the Sclareol-induced relaxation. Otherwise, it
was no change of NOx. Also, for unknown reasons, the Sclareol is not
selective for hypertensive animals.Conclusion
The diterpene Sclareol showed in vivo hypotensive and in-vitro
vasodilator effects;The chemiluminescence plasmatic NO analysis showed no significant
difference between groups andThe Sclareol exhibit better effect on normotensive than
hypertensive animals to reduce blood pressure. It is concluded
that the diterpenes metabolites would be a promising source
prototype for the development of new agents in the
cardiovascular therapy.
OBJECTIVES:The weaning according to a new definition (WIND) classification groups mechanically ventilated (MV) patients into "short weaning, " "difficult weaning, " "prolonged weaning, " and "no weaning. " The aims of the study were: 1) to describe the weaning group distribution, 2) to evaluate if "short weaning" patients can be divided into groups with distinct characteristics and outcomes depending on the MV duration, and 3) to study 1-year outcomes related to weaning groups.
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