'Bolta' and 'Frontier' balansa clover seedlings were counted through two autumns following a large seed set in November 2006, from monocultures sown in a dryland environment in Canterbury. Following rain on 5 January 2007, 65% of 'Bolta' seed and 54% of 'Frontier' seed emerged. 'Bolta' and 'Frontier' balansa clover seedlings were counted through two autumns following a large seed set in November 2006, from monocultures sown in a dryland environment in Canterbury. Following rain on 5 January 2007, 65% of 'Bolta' seed and 54% of 'Frontier' seed emerged. Keywords: annual legumes, balansa clover, Dactylis glomerata, false break, seed bank, spring closing date, Trifolium michelianum, Trifolium subterraneum.
Trinexapac-ethyl (TE) plant growth regulator (PGR) e ects on diploid red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production were investigated in two diverse environments, Canterbury (CA), New Zealand (NZ), and Willamette Valley, Oregon (OR). Five TE rate (250 and 500 g a.i. ha -1 ) and timing [Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt, and CHemische Industrie (BBCH) growth stages 32, 51, 32 + 51] treatments and an untreated control were examined at six on-farm sites in OR and one experimental site in CA in 2011 and 2012. Seed yield was increased across CA and OR production environments with 500 g ha -1 TE applied at BBCH 32 (15%, CA-2011; 9%, OR-2011; 13%, OR-2012). Split applications of 500 g ha -1 TE (BBCH 32 + 51) improved seed yield by up to 13% in OR but had no e ect in CA. Seed weight was generally inversely related to yield; TE treatments that produced the highest yield also had the lowest seed weight and thus did not contribute to TE-induced yield improvement. Increases in in orescences m -2 with TE ranged from 26 to 62% in all environments. Coupled with other measured e ects of TE on owering and stem production, these may have been contributing factors to seed yield enhancement by TE. Crop height was consistently reduced by TE across CA and OR environments but aboveground crop biomass was not a ected by TE. e timely use of TE PGR is a practice that has broad applicability in red clover seed production across CA and OR environments.
Arrowleaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum L.) is a late maturing annual legume which has the potential to be used in a range of farming systems such as finishing lambs through to silage production and building soil fertility for future cropping. An experiment at Lincoln University, Canterbury, evaluated the performance of 'Arrotas' arrowleaf clover relative to white and subterranean clover from 23 May to 20 December 2007. By the 20/12/2007, 'Arrotas' produced 9800 kg DM/ha compared (P<0.001) with 3370 kg DM/ha from subterranean and 1790 kg DM/ha from white clover. Metabolisable energy in late December was similar for all clovers. Results in Australia at similar latitudes and rainfall regimes to parts of the North and South Island of New Zealand suggest that 'Arrotas' could be successfully incorporated into local dryland systems.
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