Magnified virtual chromoendoscopy is as accurate as indigo carmine magnified chromoendoscopy in distinguishing between neoplastic from non-neoplastic small colorectal lesions.

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-Context -Endoscopic mucosal resection is a minimally invasive technique used in the treatment of colorectal neoplasms, including early carcinomas of different size and morphology. Objectives -To evaluate procedure safety, efficacy, outcomes, and recurrence rate in endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal lesions. Methods -A total of 172 lesions in 156 patients were analyzed between May 2003 and May 2009. All lesions showed pit pattern suggestive of neoplasia (Kudo types III-V) at high-magnification chromocolonoscopy with indigo carmine. The lesions were evaluated for macroscopic classification, size, location, and histopathology. Lesions 20 mm or smaller were resected en bloc and lesions larger than 20 mm were removed using the piecemeal technique.Complications and recurrence were analyzed. Patients were followed up for 18 months. Results -There were 83 (48.2%) superficial lesions, 57 (33.1%) depressed lesions, 44 (25.6%) laterally spreading tumors, and 45 (26.2%) protruding lesions. Mean lesion size was 11.5 mm ± 9.6 mm (2 mm-60 mm). Patients' mean age was 61.6 ± 12.5 years (34-93 years). Regarding lesion site, 24 (14.0%) lesions were located in the rectum, 68 (39.5%) in the left colon, and 80 (46.5%) in the right colon (transverse, ascending, and cecum). There were 167 (97.1%) neoplasms: 142 (82.5%) adenomatous lesions, 24 (14.0%) intramucosal carcinomas, and 1 (0.6%) invasive carcinoma. En bloc resection was performed in 158 (91.9%) cases and piecemeal resection in 14 (8.1%). Bleeding occurred in 5 (2.9%) cases. Recurrence was observed in 4.1% (5/122) of cases and was associated with lesions larger than 20 mm (P<0.01), piecemeal resection (P<0.01), advanced neoplasm (P = 0.01), and carcinoma compared to adenoma (P = 0.04). Conclusions -Endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal lesions is a safe and effective procedure, with low complication and local recurrence rates. Recurrence is associated with lesions larger than 20 mm and carcinomas.

NPL showed high prevalence and higher aggressiveness than polypoid lesions, especially the depressed type.

Introduction. To compare the accuracy of digital and real-time chromoendoscopy for the differential diagnosis of diminutive (<5 mm) neoplastic and nonneoplastic colorectal lesions. Materials and Methods. This is a prospective randomized study comparing the Fujinon intelligent color enhancement (FICE) system (65 patients/95 lesions) and indigo carmine (69 patients/120 lesions) in the analysis of capillary meshwork and pit pattern, respectively. All lesions were less than 5 mm in diameter, and magnification was used in both groups. Histopathology was the gold standard examination. Results. Of 215 colorectal lesions, 153 (71.2%) were adenomas, and 62 were hyperplastic polyps (28.8%). Morphological analysis revealed 132 (61.4%) superficial lesions, with 7 (3.3%) depressed lesions, and 83 (38.6%) protruding lesions. Vascular meshwork analysis using FICE and magnification resulted in 91.7% sensitivity, 95.7% specificity, and 92.6% accuracy in differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions. Pit pattern analysis with indigo carmine and magnification showed 96.5% sensitivity, 88.2% specificity, and 94.2% accuracy for the same purpose. Conclusion. Both magnifying virtual chromoendoscopy and indigo carmine chromoendoscopy showed high accuracy in the histopathological diagnosis of colorectal lesions less than 5 mm in diameter.

RESUMO -Contexto -O uso da cromoscopia virtual com sistema de imagem multibanda poderia auxiliar no diagnóstico in vivo de neoplasias colônicas. Objetivo -Avaliar a exatidão da magnificação associada à cromoendoscopia eletrônica ou com índigo-carmin na distinção entre lesões neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas do cólon e reto. INTRODUÇÃONos últimos anos, a magnificação de imagens com ou sem o emprego da cromoscopia, tem ganho grande importância como recurso propedêutico para endoscopia digestiva, em especial, da colonoscopia (6,9,11,16,19,20) . Maior precisão diagnóstica requer detecção de pequenas alterações estruturais ou de coloração (8) , que podem ser diagnosticadas por meio da colonoscopia de alta resolução aliada à magnificação de imagens. Esta tecnologia permite o aumento de uma porção da imagem e sua visualização com grande riqueza de detalhes, seja ela obtida óptica ou digitalmente. A imagem endoscópica depende dos comprimentos de onda da luz que são refletidos pelo tubo digestivo. O sistema FICE ® ("Fuji Intelligent Color Enhancement"), por meio de filtros específicos para diferentes combinações de comprimentos de onda entre o vermelho, o verde e o azul, converte imagens ópticas em imagens espectrais altamente contrastadas. Desta forma, o FICE ® se apresenta como verdadeiro método de cromoscopia virtual, dispensando o emprego de corantes, o que levaria a ganho de tempo, redução dos custos e maior praticidade durante a colonoscopia.Neste estudo, pretende-se comparar a precisão diagnóstica desta nova ferramenta com o método clássico de magnificação de imagens aliada à cromoscopia com índigo-carmin na distinção entre lesões neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas do cólon e reto. MÉTODOS

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Background/Aims: Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) can differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal lesions through indirect analysis of pit patterns and microvascular architecture. We evaluated the accuracy of Flexible Spectral Imaging Color Enhancement (FICE) in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions and observer agreement in the analysis of capillary pattern of colorectal lesions. Methods: A prospective double-blind trial was conducted in two referral endoscopy centers. Vascular pattern was analyzed by IEE with magnification. Lesions were divided into two groups and examined separately by two experts. Examiners, blinded to each other’s interpretations, switched groups and the lesions were reviewed. After 60 days, lesions were reevaluated. Results: In total, 76 patients were referred to colonoscopy for colon cancer screening. Of 100 colorectal lesions, 88 were neoplastic (73 tubular adenomas, 10 tubulovillous adenomas, 1 villous adenoma, 2 serrated adenomas, 2 adenocarcinomas) and 12 were non-neoplastic (hyperplastic polyps). Mean diameter of the lesions was 6.7 mm. Examiners 1 and 2 had 95 % accuracy. The interobserver kappa coefficient was 0.80 and the intraobserver kappa coefficient was 0.88 for examiner 1 and 0.73 for examiner 2. Conclusion: IEE with magnification is effective for real-time predictive histological diagnosis of colorectal lesions, with inter- and intraobserver agreement ranging from good to excellent.