Expanding the number of photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated into a grid raises many concerns regarding protection, system safety, and power quality. In order to monitor the effects of the current harmonics generated by PV systems, this paper presents long-term current harmonic distortion prediction models. The proposed models use a multilayer perceptron neural network, a type of artificial neural network (ANN), with input parameters that are easy to measure in order to predict current harmonics. The models were trained with one-year worth of measurements of power quality at the point of common coupling of the PV system with the distribution network and the meteorological parameters measured at the test site. A total of six different models were developed, tested, and validated regarding a number of hidden layers and input parameters. The results show that the model with three input parameters and two hidden layers generates the best prediction performance.
The prediction of the time-dependent failure rate has been studied, taking into account the operational history of a component used in applications such as system modeling in a probabilistic safety analysis in order to evaluate the impact of equipment aging and maintenance strategies on the risk measures considered. We have selected a time-dependent model for the failure rate which is based on the Weibull distribution and the principles of proportional age reduction by equipment overhauls. Estimation of the parameters that determine the failure rate is considered, including the definition of the operational history model and likelihood function for the Bayesian analysis of parameters for normally operating repairable components. The operational history is provided as a time axis with defined times of overhauls and failures. An example for demonstration is described with prediction of the future behavior for seven different operational histories.
Summary
Considering the recent trend in energy sector transformation towards high share of renewable energy sources, it has become very hard to imagine modern power system without the integration of power electronic devices. A grid‐connected converter will be on the forefront of future energy trading, while simultaneously striving to offer good dynamic behaviour and operation in full accordance with the relevant grid requirements. The control algorithm of the grid‐connected converter has to be capable of achieving the stable steady state operation even during the most severe faults in the system. More importantly, the power quality of the injected currents (and thus the power) needs to be kept at the maximum possible level. This paper presents the control strategy for the grid‐connected converter that offers the possibility of symmetrical grid current injection at the point of common coupling even during unbalanced grid conditions. Proposed control strategy uses delay signal cancellation in the negative sequence synchronous rotating reference frame for the mitigation of the respective current components. The negative influence of asymmetrical grid voltages, present at the point of common coupling as a result of unbalanced grid loads or faults, will be shown within the paper. The key features of the improved control method are outlined, with a special reference to basic theoretical background. The proposed method is experimentally verified using sophisticated research and development station for control of grid‐connected converter.
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