RESUMO O conhecimento do método de superação de dormência mais adequado para cada espécie auxilia na identificação do tipo de dormência, bem como na definição de estratégias de manejo que permitam o controle mais eficaz. As espécies do gênero
The herbicide saflufenacil is a Protox inhibitor, with differential translocation mode in comparison to other herbicides with the same mechanism of action. Selectivity, efficacy and safety to the environment are important characteristics for practical application of a herbicide in agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the tolerance of ten dry bean cultivars to saflufenacil, applied on preemergence. The experiment was conducted in split plot randomized blocks design with ten dry bean cultivars (IAPAR 81; IPR Tiziu, IPR Corujinha; BRS Estilo; BRS Talismã; BRS Esplendor; BRS Campeiro; BRS Radiante, BRS Vereda and Jalo Precoce) allocated in plots and saflufenacil concentrations (0, 14.7 and 29.4 g ha -1 ) in subplots. Evaluations were performed at 21 and 28 days after application (DAA) and plant height at 28 and 35 DAA. At physiological maturity were evaluated plant height, first pod height , number of pods per plant, 400 grains weight and dry beans grain yield. The cultivar Talismã showed low sensitivity to the herbicide and the cultivar Jalo Precoce high sensitivity to the herbicide, considering all variables analyzed.Index terms: Selectivity, Protox inhibitor, Phaseolus vulgaris. RESUMOO herbicida saflufenacil é inibidor da Protox, com modo de translocação diferenciado em relação a outros herbicidas pertencentes ao mesmo mecanismo de ação. Seletividade, eficácia e segurança ao ambiente são características importantes para aplicabilidade prática de um herbicida na agricultura. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a tolerância de dez cultivares de feijão ao saflufenacil, aplicado em condições de pré-emergência. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas com dez cultivares de feijão (IAPAR 81; IPR Tiziu; IPR Corujinha; BRS Estilo; BRS Talismã; BRS Esplendor; BRS Campeiro; BRS Radiante; BRS Vereda e Jalo precoce) alocadas nas parcelas e concentrações de saflufenacil (0; 14,7 e 29,4 g ha -1 ) nas subparcelas. Foram realizadas avaliações de estande aos 21 e 28 dias após aplicação (DAA) e estatura de plantas aos 28 e 35 DAA. Na maturação fisiológica avaliou-se estatura da planta, altura inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens por planta, peso de 400 grãos e rendimento de grãos de feijão. A cultivar Talismã apresentou baixa sensibilidade ao herbicida e a cultivar Jalo Precoce elevada sensibilidade ao herbicida, considerando-se todas as variáveis analisadas.Termos para indexação: Seletividade, inibidor da Protox, Phaseolus vulgaris.
-This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of joyweed (Alternanthera tenella) control and antagonistic or synergistic potentials of saflufenacil herbicide applied alone or tank mixed with paraquat, metribuzin and clomazone. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments consisted of saflufenacil herbicide doses (0, 0.4, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 g ha -1 ) applied isolated or associated with paraquat (0, 1 and 3 g ha -1 ), metribuzin (0, 38.4 and 105.6 g ha -1 ) or clomazone (0, 288 and 504 g ha -1 ). Visual control was determined at 14 and 21 days after spraying the herbicides (DAA) and shoots dry matter at 21 DAA. Colby's method was used to calculate the response from herbicide interactions. Saflufenacil associations with paraquat and metribuzin were promising to control A. tenella, due to the high levels of control achieved and because they demonstrated compatibility, especially in some combinations. Tank mixing saflufenacil with clomazone was not promising for the control of A. tenella due to the low efficacy of joyweed control and because it demonstrated herbicide incompatibility.Keywords: Alternanthera tenella, tank mixture, protox inhibitors, photosystem I inhibitors, photosystem II inhibitors, carotenoids synthesis inhibitors. (0, 0,35, 0,7, 1,4 RESUMO -Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a eficácia de controle da espécie daninha apagafogo (Alternanthera tenella) e o potencial antagônico ou sinérgico das associações de saflufenacil com paraquat, metribuzin e clomazone. O experimento foi realizado em vasos, em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de doses do herbicida saflufenacil
-Tolerance, also referred to as natural resistance, is a feature that exists in the plant even before herbicide application in an area. I. grandifolia, I. indivisa and I. purpurea are among the tolerant species most commonly found over fields in southern Brazil. We hypothesized that the intensive use of glyphosate results in increasing levels of tolerance to glyphosate, and in pronounced response variability in populations of the same Ipomoea species. This study aimed at identifying tolerance variations to glyphosate among I. grandifolia, I. indivisa and I. purpurea morning glory species and among populations of these species. In crops over Paraná and Santa Catarina states (Brazil) 31 biotypes were collected (20 I. grandifolia, 7 I. indivisa and 4 I. purpurea), on which were applied 0, 216, 432, 864, 1,296, 1,728 and 2,160 g a.e. ha -1 of glyphosate and the dose required to reduce 50% of dry matter (GR 50 ) was determined. Biotypes of all tested Ipomoea species showed variability of glyphosate tolerance. Tolerance factors had greater amplitude among biotypes of I. gradifolia and I. indivisa species (between 1.7 and 33.6 and between 3.3 and 34.2, respectively) than in I. purpurea (between 3.7 and 4.9). Especially within I. gradifolia e I. indivisa species, some biotypes required a much higher dose than the recommended one to control the wild biotype, indicating progress in the level of glyphosate tolerance; this proves the initial hypothesis of this work. Keywords
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