Background: Ocular involvement in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is common.Objective: To study the association between pregnancy-induced hypertensive fundus changes and fetal outcomes. Subjects and methods:A prospective cohort study was carried out including 153 subjects with the diagnosis of PIH. The subjects were evaluated for hypertensive fundus changes. Fetal outcomes were assessed in terms of gestational age, birth weight, 1 minute Apgar score, stillbirth and neonatal death. Statistics:The chi 2 test was used to evaluate the association between the various fundus changes and fetal outcomes using SPSS version 10 software program.Results: Fundus changes were found in 13.7 % of the subjects. The means of systolic and diastolic BP of the subjects with hypertensive fundus changes were 182.86 ± 33.64 and 125.24 ± 21.36 respectively, whereas those values without fundus changes were 150.72 ± 12.86 and 100.07 ± 9.51.Vitreous hemorrhage, serous retinal detachment and macular star were not found in this study. Fetal outcomes in PIH patients with vascular changes alone were similar to those with no fundus changes. Retinal and optic nerve head changes were found to be associated (p =0.016) with low birth weight (<2.5 kg). Choroidal changes and optic nerve head changes were associated with low Apgar score. Conclusion:Retinal and optic nerve head changes are associated with low birth weight. Choroidal changes and optic nerve head changes are associated with low Apgar score. Fundus evaluation in patients with PIH is an important procedure to predict adverse fetal outcomes.

Mature teratoma is the most common germ cell tumor and accounts for 40.50% of all ovarian neoplasms. The high prevalence of germ cell tumors of the ovary found among patients who were hill natives needs to be explored further.

Unsafe obstetric practices were identified, especially the injudicious use of oxytocic drugs and fundal pressure in prolonged second stage. Several achievable improvements in obstetric care are recommended, particularly aimed at reducing the delay in women reaching emergency obstetric care when labour is prolonged.

Aims: This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of subcutaneous injection of sterile water compared with placebo in reduction of labor pain. Methods: Two hundred and forty pregnant women at term planned for normal vaginal delivery during the first stage of labor were randomized to receive either subcutaneous injection of sterile water (study group, n=120) or normal saline as placebo (control group, n=120) at painful point in lumbosacral region. Pain score was measured before and 10, 45 and 90 minutes after the injections. Main outcome measured was reduction of low back labor pain using visual analogue scale. Results: The mean pain score was equal in both groups prior to the injection. The pain scores were significantly lower among the intervention group compared to the control group at 10, 45, 90 minutes after injection. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to rate of instrumental delivery, cesarean rate and neonatal outcome.Conclusions: The subcutaneous injection of sterile water administered at painful point in lumbosacral area was effective in reducing low back labor pain during labor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i2.9777

Vesicovaginal fistula is physically, socially and psychologically devastating to the women who suffer from it. The aim of this study is to create some awareness about VVF, to describe the profile of the patients, etiology, and success rate of surgery in our institute. A retrospective analysis of a total of 23 cases of vesicovaginal fistula admitted to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, BPKIHS over a period of three years were included in the study. The cause of VVF in all was obstructed labor except in one, which followed abdominal hysterectomy. Twenty-three subjects underwent VVF repair, of which 14 (56.5%) had successful outcome.JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2008 Jul-Sep;47(171):120-122.