This is the first report of a hybrid sodium ion capacitor (NIC) with the active materials in both the anode and the cathode being derived entirely from a single precursor: peanut shells, which are a green and highly economical waste globally generated at over 6 million tons per year. The electrodes push the envelope of performance, delivering among the most promising sodiation capacity -rate capability -cycling retention combinations reported in literature for each materials 4 materials being desirable. Previously, researchers have primarily focused on improving the power capability of the anode in order to catch up with the fast kinetics of the capacitive cathode. 39,42,44,46 NIC devices have been recently fabricated using the following anode-cathode combinations: V 2 O 5 /CNT//AC, 38 Na x H 2-x Ti 3 O 7 //AC 43 , with AC meaning conventional activated carbon. This creates a necessity to include excess mass (i.e. volume), generally several times more than that of the anode, in order to achieve the charge balance between the two electrodes. 39,43,44 The Na ion insertion processes into the bulk of the negative electrodes are known to be substantially more kinetically sluggish than those for Li, 4,49,50 posing a secondary major challenge to achieving attractive Na ion -based hybrid devices.An inexpensive carbon-based negative electrode with a Na redox potential near Na/Na + would not only provide a cost advantage over the inherently more costly inorganic materials but would also maximize the device energy density. 11,40,49,51,52 Ideally such electrode materials would also be truly green, 7,8,20,26,30,31,33,47,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61 being derived from organic waste products that otherwise possess no economic value. Peanuts are a globally cultivated legume food staple, with the peanut shells having only limited commercial end-use as filler in animal feed or as charcoal. 62 In 2010 the peanut plant was cultivated on 21 million hectares worldwide, 63 producing approximately 20 million tons, with an estimated value of 9 billion USD. 64 This produces roughly 6 million tons of peanut shell waste.Researchers have prepared activated carbons from peanut shells and explored their 5 applications in environmental science (e.g. sorbents for organic and metal pollutants removal 65,66 ) and energy storage (e.g. supercapacitor, 67,68 lithium ion battery 69,70 ).These "classical" activated carbons were prepared by direct pyrolysis followed by high temperature activation. 62,67,71,72 In terms of the synthesis methodology and by the resultant structure and performance, such ACs are analogous to commercial products, which are micro-scale particulates with tortuous 3D pore networks. In terms of the synthesis methodology and by the resultant structure and performance, such ACs are analogous to commercial products, which are micro-scale particulates with tortuous 3D pore networks. In this work we take an alternative approach: We tailor the synthesis process to take full advantage of the unique structure of the peanut shell and actuall...