12 T-cell depleted). Of the patients, 34 engrafted and 26 (68%) survived; 3 had autologous reconstitution, 22 (58%) were cured, and 1 engrafted but has poor T-cell immune reconstitution. There were 18 evaluated patients who responded to vaccination. Of the patients, 12 (32%) died from infection-related complications, with severe cryptosporidiosis in 6. Grades 2 to 4 graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) associated with infection occurred in 6 of 12 fatal cases. HSCT cured 58% of patients, 72% of those without hepatic disease. Early T-cell function following whole marrow HSCT may limit cryptosporidial disease, but survival was similar after T-celldepleted HSCT. Preexisting lung damage was the most important adverse risk factor. Further studies will determine optimal timing and type of
Cartilage tissue engineering strategies generally result in homogeneous tissue structures with little resemblance to native zonal organization of articular cartilage. The main objective of our work concerns the buildup of complex biomaterials aimed at reconstructing biological tissue with three dimensional cells construction for mimicking cartilage architecture. In this first step, our strategy is based on structure formation by simple and progressive spraying of mixed alginate and chondrocytes at different pressures. We report the first demonstration of spraying effect on chondrocytes inside an alginate hydrogel at short (i) and long terms (ii) and the mechanical behavior of a sprayed hydrogel by biomechanical tests (plane strain compression tests).Our results indicate clearly that during the first days of culture the cells were influenced by the construction method (spraying or molding, control method) with low viability and higher production levels of nitrite. From day 7, the cell behaviors become similar for both methods. Indeed after 28 days of culture, type II collagen was observed, showing the cartilage gene expression, then a similar behavior for all methods. Finally, we conclude that the mechanical performances of sprayed hydrogels was enhanced compared to the controls. We report here, for the first time, that it is possible to spray mixed alginate and chondrocytes with little damage for cells. Therefore, the sprayed hydrogel keeps not only the mechanical properties needed for cells, but also maintains the chondrocyte phenotype to induce cartilage.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.