An efficient method for extracting the dissolved CO 2 in the oceans would effectively enable the separation of CO 2 from the atmosphere without the need to process large volumes of air, and could provide a key step in the synthesis of renewable, carbon-neutral liquid fuels. While the extraction of CO 2 from seawater has been previously demonstrated, many challenges remain, including slow extraction rates and poor CO 2 selectivity, among others. Here we describe a novel solution to these challenges -efficient CO 2 extraction from seawater using bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BPMED). We characterize the performance of a custom designed and built CO 2 -from-seawater prototype, demonstrating the ability to extract 59% of the total dissolved inorganic carbon from seawater as CO 2 gas with an electrochemical energy consumption of 242 kJ mol À1 (CO 2 ).

Abstract-Chain modular robots form systems with many degrees of freedom which are capable of being reconfigured to form arbitrary chain-based topologies. This reconfiguration requires the detaching of modules from one point in the system and re-attaching at another. The internal errors in the system (especially with large numbers of modules) are such that accurate movement of chain ends, required for the attaching of modules, can be extremely difficult. A three phase docking process is described that utilizes both openand closed-loop techniques.This process has been shown to work with an early version. Issues raised during this testing have been addressed in a later version. Discussion of these issues, their solutions and preliminary results of the testing the latest version are given.

Xsophe, a Computer Simulation Software Suite for the Analysis of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra -[45 refs.]. -(GRIF-FIN, M.; MUYS, A.; NOBLE, C.; WANG, D.; ELDERSHAW, C.; GATES, K. E.; BURRAGE, K.; HANSON, G. R.; Mol. Phys. Rep. 26 (1999) 60-84; Dep.

A heat-switch-based electrocaloric cooler is reported in this letter. The device consists of two silicon heat switches and an electrocaloric module based on BaTO3 multilayer capacitors (MLCs). To operate the cooler, the heat switches are actuated synchronously with the application of electric fields across the MLCs. Heat flux versus temperature lift is fully characterized. With an electric field strength of 277 kV/cm, the system achieves a maximum heat flux of 36 mW and maximum temperature lift of greater than 0.3 °C, close to the expected MLC adiabatic temperature change of 0.5 °C. The cooler is shown to work reliably over thousands of actuation cycles.

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