Significant efforts have been invested to restore mangrove forests worldwide through reforestation and afforestation. However, blue carbon benefit has not been compared between these two silvicultural pathways at the global scale. Here, we integrated results from direct field measurements of over 370 restoration sites around the world to show that mangrove reforestation (reestablishing mangroves where they previously colonized) had a greater carbon storage potential per hectare than afforestation (establishing mangroves where not previously mangrove). Greater carbon accumulation was mainly attributed to favorable intertidal positioning, higher nitrogen availability, and lower salinity at most reforestation sites. Reforestation of all physically feasible areas in the deforested mangrove regions of the world could promote the uptake of 671.5–688.8 Tg CO2-eq globally over a 40-year period, 60% more than afforesting the same global area on tidal flats (more marginal sites). Along with avoiding conflicts of habitat conversion, mangrove reforestation should be given priority when designing nature-based solutions for mitigating global climate change.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule reported to play multiple roles in fruit ripening. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying H2S-mediated delay in fruit ripening remain to be established. Here, the gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor (TF), WRKY71, was identified as substantially upregulated in H2S-treated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) via transcriptome profiling. Expression of WRKY71 was negatively associated with that of CYANOALANINE SYNTHASE1 (CAS1). Transient and stable genetic modification experiments disclosed that WRKY71 acts as a repressor of the tomato ripening process. CAS1 appears to play an opposite role, based on the finding that the ripening process was delayed in the cas1 mutant and accelerated in CAS1-OE tomatoes. Dual-luciferase reporter assay (DLR), yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and transient transformation experiments showed that WRKY71 bond to the CAS1 promoter and suppressed its activation. Moreover, the persulfidation of WRKY71 enhanced its binding ability to the CAS1 promoter. Data from luciferase complementation and Y2H assays confirmed that WRKY71 interacts with a BOI-related E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 3 (BRG3) and is ubiquitinated in vitro. Further experiments showed that modification of BRG3 via persulfidation at Cys206 and Cys212 led to reduced ubiquitination activity. Our findings support a model whereby BRG3 undergoes persulfidation at Cys206 and Cys212, leading to reduced ubiquitination activity and decreased interactions with the WRKY71 transcript, with a subsequent increase in binding activity of the persulfidated WRKY71 to the CAS1 promoter, resulting in its transcriptional inhibition and thereby delayed ripening of tomatoes. Our collective findings provide insights into a mechanism of H2S-mediated regulation of tomato fruit ripening.
Germplasm resource innovation is the key to variety development. Quan9311A is a three-line cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line of rice used for hybrid rice breeding based on the three-line system. It is the first CMS line that has been successfully cultivated with rice restoration materials and widely applied as a female parent line for hybrid breeding in China. The variety improvement of Quan9311A is based on an ingenious design. It was screened from the cross progeny of the three-line sterile line Zhong9A and the two-line restorer line 93 − 11, which are the core germplasms used to breed Quan9311A. According to phenotype, China breeders removed the restorability of 93 − 11, and cultivated Quan9311A: it combines the desirable agronomic traits of both 93 − 11 and Zhong9A, such as a moderate plant height, suitable heading date, and more tillers. In this study, genome-wide analysis was performed to investigate how Quan9311A was bred. RiceNavi analysis technology was used to dissect its functional genes associated with desirable agronomic traits based on whole-genome sequencing. The results show that rice breeders removed the fertility restorer gene Rf3 in 93 − 11 but retained the sterility gene WA352c of Zhong9A during the breeding process of Quan9311A. Not only are there many 93 − 11 chromosomal segments in the Quan9311A genome background but also multiple superior alleles of the parental 93 − 11 and Zhong9A lines are pyramided, conferring to Quan9311A excellent agronomic traits that were unavailable in earlier three-line sterile lines. We also found that Quanyou Simiao, a hybrid rice combination bred with Quan9311A as the female parent, harbors more superior alleles which could explain its high grain yield and wide adaptability. This study’s findings will promote the utilization of hybrid rice pairing groups and guide future breeding efforts. Meanwhile, it also provides fresh ideas for further promoting the closer integration of genomics with traditional breeding methods.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.