--Introduction. The baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) grows wild in Senegal where the fruit is consumed in various forms. Although the plant ecology and botany have been well studied, works relating to the fruit processing or the impact of processing on the quality of the final products are rare. In order to evaluate the technological potential of these fruits, as a precondition to the development of their processed products on the local, regional and international markets, we attempted to characterize the raw material better (biochemical composition and nutritional quality), and we studied the processing of the product into nectar. Materials and methods. Our study related to twelve without-shell fruit samples of A. digitata collected between 2004 and 2006 in various zones of Senegal. Proportions of the various components of the fruit (pulp, seeds, fibers) were assessed, then various physico-chemical characteristics of the pulp and seed were analyzed. The microbial flora present in traditionally prepared drinks was studied. Pasteurization techniques and crossflow microfiltration of nectars were applied. Various uses and traditional fruit processing were evaluated starting from a survey carried out with a sample of 93 people questioned in Dakar and Saly. Results and discussion. The pulp was characterized by a low water content (6-15%), a strong acidity (68-201 mEq·100 g -1 ) and high contents of sugars (20-32%), ascorbic acid (125-312 mg·100 g -1 ), minerals (6%) and starch (41-47%). The chromatograms obtained by GC/MS on the fruit pulp identified 10 aroma compounds, especially isopropyl myristate, an unidentified phenolic compound and nonanal. Without special precaution, the pulp composition evolved during storage and its quality was quickly degraded. The survey carried out showed that the fruit pulp of the baobab tree is mainly used for the development of ] for a volumetric reduction ratio ranging between 1 and 2. These low permeate fluxes compromise the potential of crossflow microfiltration for the stabilization of the nectar. Conclusion. In the future, from the point of view of a local production of nectar from the baobab tree fruit, research will have to be focused on the thermal stabilization of drinks.Senegal / Adansonia / fruit juices / keeping quality / pasteurizing / microfiltration Caractérisation du fruit du baobab et étude de sa transformation en nectar.Résumé --Introduction. Le baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) est un arbre qui pousse à l'état sauvage au Sénégal où le fruit est consommé sous différentes formes. Si l'écologie et la botanique de la plante ont été bien étudiées, les travaux portant sur la transformation du fruit ou sur l'impact des traitements de transformation sur la qualité des produits finis sont rares. Afin d'évaluer le potentiel technologique de ces fruits, en préalable au développement de leurs produits de transformation sur les marchés locaux, régionaux et internationaux, nous avons cherché à mieux caractériser la matière première (composition biochimique et qualité nut...

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In this study, the effect of extraction processes on the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seed oil was evaluated. The oils were extracted, on the one hand, by cold pressing, and on the other hand, with three types of organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, n-hexane). The recorded results indicated that the extraction yield of baobab oil was significantly impacted by both the extraction method and the polarity of the solvent used. In addition, chloroform provides the best extraction yield (40.12 ± 0.607). However, extraction by cold pressure preserves at best the physicochemical and bioactive properties of the extracted oils. Indeed, the pressing oil contains a content of phenolic compounds (0.047 ± 0.0024 mgEAG/g of oil) and a very high radical scavenging activity (DPPH) (31.71% ± 0.61%). For the various oils extracted, the minimum and maximum values were 0.50 and 3.17 mEq·kg −1 ; 56.26 and 99.113 mgI 2 ·100 g −1 ; 1.457 and 1.465; 205.37 and 233.587 mgKOH/g respectively for the peroxide, iodine, refractive and saponification values. The color parameters (L*, a* and b*) of the oils also differ depending on the nature of the organic solvent used. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were performed on the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant potential of the extracted oils. Therefore, the results suggest the mixed use of acetone and hexane to obtain oil comparable to that extracted by cold pressing.

Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex, dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a trunk that can measure up to 47 cm in diameter. The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. The leaves are opposite, elliptical, dark green in color, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide. This fruit is characterized by its richness in antioxidant molecules especially vitamin C (480 mg/100 g) and total polyphenols (945.83 mg/100 g). The fruit contents 41.43 until 80% water with a low pH (2.24). In Senegal, the fruit is eaten as it or transformed into puree, nectar, syrup, canned etc. It is a plant that has enormous therapeutic virtues, from the fruit to the roots through the leaves, bark, and latex. Despite its high nutritional potential, its many therapeutic virtues and its economic potential, Saba senegalensis remains under-exploited. Further researches on the nutritional and therapeutic properties deserve to be conducted.

The aqueous extracts of different parts (old leaves (OL), young leaves (YL), peels (PE) and delipidated seed residues (DS)) of three varieties of papaya are studied. Extraction conditions are optimized: an extraction time of 20 minutes, a temperature of 70˚C and a plant material/water mixture of 1% give the best yield of polyphenol. The amount of polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins and proanthocyanins of each aqueous extract was investigated. Antioxidant activities are measured using two different methods (DPPH and ABTS). The delipidated seeds (DS) of V1 have the highest total phenolic content (TPC = 72.56 ± 3.16 mg GAE/g) while they have the lowest total flavonoid content (TFC = 0.22 ± 0.01). With regard to saponins, the PE of V3 is much richer in saponins (194.03 ± 15.78 mg AeE/g) than all the other extracts studied. The OL of V2 and PE of V1 contain the most proanthocyanidins with very similar values of 2.51 ± 0.03 mg CE/g and 2.53 ± 0.34 mg CE/g respectively. The study of the antioxidant activities of the extracts showed a correlation between the amount of polyphenols and IC50. DPPH OL and YL V2, which are rich in polyphenols, have the lowest IC50 of 0.072 mg/ml and 0.080 mg/ml respectively, whereas for ABTS we have PE of V1 that is very rich in polyphenols which has the smallest IC50 value of 0.218 mg/ml.