HER2 is a prognostic and predictive biomarker in breast cancer, normally assessed in tumour biopsy and used to guide treatment choices. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) escape the primary tumour and enter the bloodstream, exhibiting great metastatic potential and representing a real-time snapshot of the tumour burden. Liquid biopsy offers the unique opportunity for low invasive sampling in cancer patients and holds the potential to provide valuable information for the clinical management of cancer patients. This study assesses the performance of the RUBYchip™, a microfluidic system for CTC capture based on cell size and deformability, and compares it with the only FDA-approved technology for CTC enumeration, CellSearch®. After optimising device performance, 30 whole blood samples from metastatic breast cancer patients were processed with both technologies. The expression of HER2 was assessed in isolated CTCs and compared to tissue biopsy. Results show that the RUBYchipTM was able to isolate CTCs with higher efficiency than CellSearch®, up to 10 times more, averaging all samples. An accurate evaluation of different CTC subpopulations, including HER2+ CTCs, was provided. Liquid biopsy through the use of the RUBYchipTM in the clinic can overcome the limitations of histological testing and evaluate HER2 status in patients in real-time, helping to tailor treatment during disease evolution.
In the context of personalized medicine, the analysis of single cells is key in order to understand the origin and evolution of cancer to provide an accurate prognosis. Microfluidics and microdroplets are increasingly used for the handling and understanding of the behavior of single cells, as they offer the perfect isolated environment. However, due to the small volumes handled, it is necessary to couple this technology with an ultrasensitive detection technique. Herein, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy and droplet microfluidics are combined toward the multiplex phenotypic analysis of single cancer cells. For this, cancer cells are labeled with different SERS tags that recognize membrane proteins and encapsulated individually in microdroplets. Afterward, single cells within microdroplets are imaged by SERS spectroscopy. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a multiplex phenotypic SERS analysis of single cells in microdroplets is shown. This integrated optofluidic platform paves the way toward the multiplex and automated characterization of cell populations in cancer patients.
Nas Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN), as contaminações podem ser oriundas das diversas etapas de manuseio do alimento, aumentando, assim, a incidência de doenças de origem alimentar, sendo necessária a manutenção de condições higiênico-sanitárias adequadas e locais apropriados, de forma a garantir a dignidade do ato de se alimentar. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as condições higiênico-sanitárias e físico-estruturais de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição. O estudo foi realizado em UAN dos municípios de Teresina, Picos, Floriano e Parnaíba no Estado do Piauí, nas quais foram codificadas em A, B, C, D, E, F e G. Realizou-se a aplicação do checklist adaptado da RDC nº 275/2002, em que cada item foi avaliado em “conforme” e “não-conforme” e seus resultados foram apresentados em porcentagens. Das 7 UAN analisadas, 57% eram UAN institucionais, 29% UAN hospitalares e 14% UAN não institucionais, a maioria apresentou percentuais de conformidades maior que 70%, destacando a UAN A (95,3%). A UAN E foi a que apresentou menor percentual de adequação na maioria dos itens, destacando o item matérias-primas, ingredientes e embalagens (18,2%), sendo classificada como muito ruim. A UAN G foi a única que não apresentou documentos e registro. Conclui-se que a maioria das UAN apresentou condições higiênico-sanitárias satisfatórias em boa parte dos itens preconizados pela RDC n° 216/2004. Entretanto, algumas UAN foram classificadas como ruins, podendo gerar riscos à saúde dos comensais. Palavras-chave: Alimentação Coletiva. Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Manipulação de Alimentos. Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Abstract In Food and Nutrition Units (UAN), contamination may come from the various stages of food handling, thus increasing the incidence of food-borne illnesses, requiring the maintenance of adequate hygienic-sanitary conditions and appropriate places, to guarantee the dignity of the feeding act. The study was carried out in UAN in the municipalities of Teresina, Picos, Floriano and Parnaíba in the state of Piauí, in which they were coded in A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The checklist adapted from RDC nº 275/2002 was applied, in which each item was evaluated as "compliant" and "non-compliant" and its results were presented in percentages. Of the 7 UANs analyzed, 57% were institutional UANs, 29% hospital UANs and 14% non-institutional UANs, the majority had conformity percentages greater than 70%, highlighting UAN A (95.3%). The UAN E was the one with the lowest percentage of adequacy in most items, highlighting the item raw materials, ingredients and packaging (18.2%), being classified as very bad. The UAN G was the only one that did not present documents and registration. It is concluded that the majority of UANs presented satisfactory hygienic-sanitary conditions in most of the items recommended by RDC nº 216/2004. However, some UANs have been classified as bad, which can create health risks for diners. Keywords: Collective Food. Food and Nutrition Security. Food Handling. Good Manufacturing Practices.
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