Objective: To evaluate the changes in anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) following etanercept treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The study included 90 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who failed treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). All patients were allowed to continue treatment with DMARDs; 52 of them received etanercept as a twice weekly 25 mg subcutaneous injection for three months, and the others did not. Serum samples were collected at baseline and one month intervals during the treatment course. The serum levels of anti-CCP and RF were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and nephelometry, respectively. Results: At baseline, 45 of the 52 etanercept treated patients (86.5%) and 32 of the 38 controls (84.2%) were positive for anti-CCP. Tests for RF were positive in 78.9% and 84.2% of patients with or without etanercept treatment, respectively. The serum levels of anti-CCP and RF decreased significantly after a three month etanercept treatment (p = 0.007 and p = 0.006, respectively). The average decrease from baseline calculated for each individual patient in the etanercept treated group was 31.3% for anti-CCP and 36% for RF. The variation in anti-CCP was positively correlated with the variation in disease activity, swollen and tender joint counts, RF, and C reactive protein.Conclusions: Etanercept combined with DMARDs leads to a much greater decrease than DMARDs alone in the serum levels of anti-CCP and RF in rheumatoid arthritis, compatible with a reduction in clinical disease activity.

Rising levels of BMP in AS patients with spinal fusion and the positive correlation between BMP and spinal radiograph scores indicate that BMP may play a role in the process of spinal ankylosis. Serum levels of BMP may reflect radiographic progression of the spine and hip joints.

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Aim To investigate total and central obesity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and assess the association with inflammation, disease severity and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods There were 105 AS patients enrolled. Anthropometry was measured to determine total (body mass index [BMI]) and central obesity (waist circumference [WC], waist‐to‐height ratio [WHtR]). We evaluated patients’ disease activity, functional ability, global assessment, physical mobility, radiographic damage and health index. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein (CRP) and blood biochemistry profile were tested. Retrospective radiographic change was assessed in 39 patients. Presence of diabetes and hypertension were examined. Results The obese AS patients had higher inflammation (CRP), disease activity (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score [ASDAS] ‐ CRP), physical mobility (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index [BASMI]), radiographic damage (modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score [m‐SASSS]), liver function and blood pressure (all P < .05). Obesity (BMI, WC, WHtR) positively correlated with inflammation (CRP), physical mobility (BASMI), radiographic damage (m‐SASSS), health index (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Health Index), liver function and blood pressure (all P < .05). Moreover, presence of central obesity (WC, WHtR) had correlation with disease activity (ASDAS‐CRP) (r = .218, P = .027; r = .221, P = .025), and predicted longitudinal radiographic change (m‐SASSS) (standard coefficient = 0.300, P = .041; standard coefficient = 0.288, P = .045). Importantly, central obesity was better in predicting high inflammation, disease activity, physical mobility, radiographic damage and health index in AS, and WHtR was the best for predicting m‐SASSS (area under the curve = 0.734, P < .001). Obesity was associated with increased risk of diabetes and hypertension in AS. Conclusion Obesity was associated with higher inflammation, disease activity, physical mobility, radiographic damage, health index, liver function and cardiovascular risk factors in AS. Central obesity could predict a patient's longitudinal radiographic change. Central obesity is a useful predictor for high disease severity in AS.