Background
Felid herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a major pathogenic agent of upper respiratory tract infections and eye damage in felines worldwide. Current FHV-1 vaccines offer limited protection of short duration, and therefore, do not reduce the development of clinical signs or the latency of FHV-1.
Methods
To address these shortcomings, we constructed FHV ∆gIgE-eGFP, FHV ∆TK mCherry, and FHV ∆gIgE/TK eGFP-mCherry deletion mutants (ΔgI/gE, ΔTK, and ΔgIgE/TK, respectively) using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISP-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system (CRISPR/Cas9), which showed safety and immunogenicity in vitro. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the deletion mutants administered with intranasal (IN) and IN + subcutaneous (SC) vaccination protocols. Cats in the vaccination group were vaccinated twice at a 4-week interval, and all cats were challenged with infection 3 weeks after the last vaccination. The cats were assessed for clinical signs, nasal shedding, and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VN), and with postmortem histological testing.
Results
Vaccination with the gI/gE-deleted and gI/gE/TK-deleted mutants was safe and resulted in significantly lower clinical disease scores, fewer pathological changes, and less nasal virus shedding after infection. All three mutants induced virus-neutralizing antibodies after immunization.
Conclusions
In conclusion, this study demonstrates the advantages of FHV-1 deletion mutants in preventing FHV-1 infection in cats.
Objectives: Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is a rare anastomoses vessel, and also a rarely reported culprit vessel in trigeminal neuralgia (TN). In this study, we aimed to analysis the incidence of PTA in TN.Methods: 297 patients with TN underwent high-resolution 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test between July 2020 and July 2022. The sequences included: axial cerebral TSE T2-weighted imaging, axial cerebral dark fluid T1/T2-weighted imaging, high-resolution T2-weighted SPACE sequences, high-resolution T2-weighted three-dimensional-time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) sequences. The images were interpreted by one radiologist and one neurosurgical professor. Incidence of PTA in patients with TN was calculated accordingly.Results: In the study, 4 cases of PTA were found in the right side of patients with TN, and 3 cases of the PTA were the culprit vessels of TN, one PTA was on the unaffected side but hardly contact to the trigeminal nerve. The incidence of PTA in TN was 1.35%, furthermore, the incidence of culprit PTA was 1.01%. Conclusions: High-resolution MRI could detect rare culprit vessels of TN, the incidences of PTA and culprit PTA in patient with TN were 1.35% and 1.01% in current study. The important role of PTA should be paid due attentions.
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