No abstract

Purpose. resistance exercise (rE) with variable resistance (Vr) may be an interesting strategy to increase strength and power in several sports activities. the present study aimed to compare the effect of rE vs. Vr exercise in the back squat on subsequent jump performance at different time points. Methods. Nine male elite handball athletes (age: 21.4 ± 2.1 years; body fat percentage: 10.5 ± 4.2%) undergoing in-season training participated in the study. they randomly completed 3 sets of 5 back squat repetitions at 85% of predicted one-repetition maximum (1rM) with 3-minute rests between sets. they performed rE back squat alone or Vr back squat by combining 55% of 1rM using standard weight plates and 29.7 ± 2.0% of the athlete's 1rM in fully erect position (starting position) with elastic band resistance. Countermovement jump (CMJ) test was applied at baseline, immediately after the conditioning activity (within 15 seconds), and every 2 minutes after the protocols (2, 4, 6, and 8 minutes). Results. there was a very large (5.8%, p = 0.02, ES = 1.53) increase in CMJ performance 2 minutes after Vr back squat, while no significant changes were observed after the completion of rE back squat. Moreover, there was a large (p = 0.04, ES = 1.27) increase in peak power after Vr exercise. Conclusions. CMJ performance and peak power output can be potentiated after 2 minutes of recovery following the completion of back squat exercise combining rE plus elastic bands, reinforcing the practical applicability of Vr exercise.

The present study investigated the motivational factors, behavioral regulations based on self-determination theory framework, and the relationships between basic psychological need satisfaction and actual exercise behaviors of CrossFit and resistance training (RT) participants. A total of 493 subjects (males = 351, females = 148), RT (n = 365, 279 males, 86 females) and Cross-Fit (n = 128, 69 males, 59 females) completed an online questionnaire. Results indicated that CrossFit participants presented higher levels of enjoyment, stress management, social recognition, affiliation, competition, and weight management. Conversely, RT participants reported higher motive for appearance. Intrinsic motivation to exercise was significantly higher in CrossFit, whereas RT participants scored higher controlled motivation. There was no significant difference between weekly exercise volume between groups; therefore, correlation and mediation analysis were conducted with pooled data. Autonomy and competence were significantly associated with more autonomous forms of motivation. Exercise frequency and weekly exercise volume were positively related to intrinsic motivation. When examining the mediating model, competence and intrinsic motivation were found to mediate the relationship between enjoyment and weekly exercise volume. Our results support the relationship among psychological needs satisfaction, intrinsic motivation, and exercise behavior in CrossFit and RT participants. Exercise professionals can encourage individuals to seek self-determined and personally meaningful exercise benefits to promote long-term exercise adherence in fitness centers.

Effects of combined resistance plus aerobic training on body composition, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and renal function in kidney transplantation subjects. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3243-3250, 2021-Immunosuppression and a sedentary lifestyle may exacerbate complications such as early graft dysfunction and muscle loss, and reduce patient survival after kidney transplantation (KT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in body composition (BC), muscular strength, aerobic, and renal function in KT subjects submitted to combined resistance plus aerobic training. Twelve KT subjects were randomly assigned into groups: (G1) 12 weeks of combined training (3 males and 4 females, 54 6 3 years); or (G2) nonexercise control (5 females, 43 6 18 years). The subjects were evaluated for BC (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), estimated V Ȯ2 peak, right-hand maximal grip strength (RHMGS) and left-hand maximal grip strength (LHMGS), and renal function. Post-training revealed that G1 reduced body fat percentage (p 5 0.046), uric acid (D 5 20.87; p 5 0.023), urea (D 5 29.43; p 5 0.032), and creatinine (D 5 20.15; p 5 0.045), increased fat-free mass, estimated V Ȯ2 peak, RHMGS, LHMGS (p , 0.05), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (D 5 11.64; p 5 0.017). G2 increased urea (D 5 8.20; p 5 0.017), creatinine (D 5 0.37; p 5 0.028), and decreased eGFR (D 5 216.10; p 5 0.038). After 12 weeks, urea (D 5 24.94; p 5 0.013), uric acid (D 5 1.64; p 5 0.044), and creatinine (D 5 0.9; p 5 0.011) were lower, whereas eGFR (D 5 36.51; p 5 0.009) was higher in G1. These data indicate that combined training instigates positive changes in BC, muscular strength, aerobic capacity, and renal function after KT.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos do treinamento de força periodizado de 12 semanas sobre a composição corporal e aptidão física em mulheres idosas ativas. Foram selecionadas 28 voluntárias com idade de 65,5 ± 3.6 anos, com mínimo de um ano de experiência prévia em treinamento de força. As participantes foram divididas em 2 grupos: G1P (n=16, grupo periodizado) e G2NP (n=12, grupo não periodizado). O programa foi composto por duas sessões semanais. Foram mensurados o índice de massa corpórea (IMC), percentual de gordura, flexão de braços, salto vertical, flexibilidade e VO 2max. O percentual de gordura diminuiu no G1P. Houve aumento na flexão de braço, salto vertical e VO 2max no G1P. O G2NP não apresentou modificações. Conclui-se que a periodização do treinamento de força influenciou positivamente a composição corporal e as variáveis de aptidão física, mostrando que pode ser uma importante ferramenta na prescrição do treinamento de força.