The number of old adults with cognitive impairment or dementia is anticipated to increase rapidly due to the aging population, especially the number of patients with multiple chronic conditions or metabolic perturbation. Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is among the most hazardous risk factors for cardiovascular disease and is linked to a chronic inflammatory disease. We investigated the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the years 1999 to 2002 to explore the connection between Mets and cognitive decline.A total of 2252 NHANES (1999–2002)-registered individuals who were stroke-free and aged ≧60 years were enrolled in this study. This study surveyed the effects of the existence of diverse characteristics of Mets on the individuals’ cognitive performances as measured with the digit symbol substitution test (DSST).The individuals with more features of Mets achieved lower DSST scores than those with fewer constituents of Mets (P < 0.001 for the trend) after adjustments for covariates. The β coefficients for the DSST scores of the participants with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 features of Mets were −1.545, −3.866, −4.763, and −5.263, respectively. Cognitive decline was correlated with each of the constituents of Mets, which included high plasma glucose, elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05 for the above factors), with the exception of high triglyceride levels (P > 0.05).Mets was positively associated with cognitive decline in individuals aged ≧60 years. The characteristics of Mets that were most strongly associated with cognitive decline were high plasma glucose and elevated blood pressure.

The mechanism of cellular aging likely involves decreased telomere length and is associated with age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important risk factor for CVD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between LTL and MetS. We evaluated 7370 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2002). The association between LTL and individual MetS components and the number of MetS components was analyzed by multivariable regression models, adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, albumin, C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase, uric acid and medical condition. An increase in the number of MetS components was strongly associated with shorter telomere length, especially in female participants (p for trend < 0.05). In addition, triglycerides were negatively associated with LTL in female participants (p < 0.001). Waist circumstance was associated with decreased LTL (p < 0.05) in both males and females. In summary, our study indicated that an increment of MetS component is strongly associated with shorter LTL, especially in the female population.

Metabolic disorders are prevalent worldwide and have recently become public health problems recently. Previous studies have proposed different body composition indices for predicting future cardiovascular risks. We hypothesized an association among fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR), metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension (HTN), prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular risk in an adult population. A total of 66829 eligible subjects composed of 34182 males and 32647 females aged 20 years or older were obtained from health examinations in the Tri-Service General Hospital from 2011 to 2017. The body composition indices included fat and muscle mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. A multivariable regression model was performed in a large population-based cross-sectional study. FMR was significantly associated with MetS, prediabetes, DM and HTN in all models of both genders. Based on quartile analysis, higher FMR had higher predictive ability for adverse health outcomes. The association between different definitions of MetS and the Framingham risk score was analyzed, and FMR-incorporated MetS was more useful for predicting higher Framingham risk scores than traditional definitions. FMR was a useful indicator for the presence of adverse cardiometabolic risks. Compared to traditional definition of MetS, FMR-incorporated MetS had a greater ability to predict incident cardiovascular risks. FMR seemed to be a simple and effective index for the early prevention and management of cardiometabolic events.