The first national lockdown in Denmark due to the COVID-19 pandemic was declared on 11 March 2020. From this date, national restrictions were imposed. We aimed to assess the potential influence of this first nationwide lockdown on exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking in early pregnancy. Using a cross-sectional study based on routinely collected patient-reported data, we compared the lifestyle habits of women who were pregnant during the first phase of the pandemic (COVID-19 group) (n = 685) with those of women who were pregnant the year before (Historical group) (n = 787). We found a reduction in any exercise (PR = 0.91, 95% CI (0.84 to 0.99), in adherence to national recommendations of exercise (PR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.80 to 0.99), in cycling (15% vs. 28%, p < 0.0001), and swimming (0.3% vs. 3%, p = 0.0002) in the COVID-19 group compared with the Historical group. The prevalence of binge drinking was reduced in the COVID-19 group compared with the Historical group (PR = 0.80, 95% CI (0.68 to 0.93). In contrast, the prevalence of any weekly alcohol consumption and smoking cessation during pregnancy was similar between groups. Our findings indicate that national restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the lifestyle habits of pregnant women and should be addressed in antenatal counseling.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is unclear whether multivitamin use reduces the risk of preeclampsia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between multivitamin use and the risk of preeclampsia. Material and methods:We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library from database inception to July 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case-control and cohort studies assessing the association between multivitamin use and risk of preeclampsia were eligible. Studies of treatment with a single micronutrient were excluded. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using random-effects models. RoB2, the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and GRADE were used to assess risk of bias and quality of evidence. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (no. CRD42021214153).Results: Six studies were included (33 356 women). Only two RCTs were found, both showing a significantly decreased risk of preeclampsia in multivitamin users. These studies were not compatible for meta-analysis due to clinical heterogeneity. A metaanalysis of observational studies using a random-effects model showed an unchanged risk of preeclampsia following multivitamin use (relative risk 0.85, 95% CI 0.69-1.03).The quality of evidence according to GRADE was very low.Conclusions: Very weak evidence suggests that multivitamin use might reduce the risk of preeclampsia; however, more research is needed. Large RCTs should be prioritized. The results of this review do not allow any final conclusions to be drawn regarding a preventive effect of multivitamin use in relation to preeclampsia.

Person-specific evidence was developed as a grounded theory by analyzing 20 selected case descriptions from interventions using the guided self-determination method with people with various long-term health conditions. It explains the mechanisms of mobilizing relational capacity by including person-specific evidence in shared decision-making. Person-specific self-insight was the first step, achieved as individuals completed reflection sheets enabling them to clarify their personal values and identify actions or omissions related to self-management challenges. This step paved the way for sharing these insights and challenges in a relationship with a supportive health professional, who could then rely on person-specific evidence instead of assumptions or a narrow disease perspective for shared decision-making.Trust in the evidence encouraged the supportive health professional to transfer it to the interdisciplinary team. Person-specific evidence then enhanced the ability of team members to apply general evidence in a meaningful way. The increased openness achieved by individuals through these steps enabled them to eventually share their new self-insights in daily life with other people, decreasing loneliness Nursing Inquiry.