Many etiologies are held accountable for nasal septum perforations. Topical nasal drug usage, previous surgeries, trauma, nose picking, squamous cell carcinoma, some rheumatological disorders such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis), some infectious diseases such as syphilis and leprosy are among the causes of the perforations. Occupational heavy metal exposures by inhalation rarely may also cause nasal septum perforation. Here, we present a 29-year-old patient without any known diseases, who is a worker at a metallic coating and nickel-plating factory, referred for investigation of his nasal cartilage septum perforation from an otorhinolaryngology clinic. The patient questioning, physical examination and laboratory assessment about rheumatic and infectious diseases were negative. There was a metallic smell in the breath during the physical examination. The analysis showed serum nickel level at 31 μg/l and urine nickel at 18 μg/l (84.11 μg/g creatinine). Other possible serum and urine heavy metal levels were within normal ranges. Nickel exposure is usually together with other heavy metals (chromium or cadmium), it is rarely alone. Nickel ingested by inhalation usually leads to respiratory problems such as reduced olfactory acuity, ulcers, septum perforation or tumors of the nasal sinuses. This case demonstrates the importance of occupational anamnesis and awareness of diagnosis. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):963 -967

Objective Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical intranasal insulin on healing of nasal mucosa in a rat model. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats, weighing between 250 and 300 g and aged 10–12 weeks were used and randomized into two equal groups. 1.9 mm curette was introduced through the left nostril and 1.9 mm mucosa from the left nasal septum was curetted. Postoperatively, animals in the control group received 1 mL of physiologic saline, 3 times a day in a nasal irrigation fashion. Animals in the experimental group received 1 mL of 5 IU/mL regular insulin in saline solution. Subjects were sacrificed after 5, 10, and 15 days and macroscopic and histomorphometric evaluations were performed. Results There were no mucosal synechiae and septal perforation macroscopically. Histological examination revealed that the defect size reduction was 21% in the saline group versus 56% in the insulin group on the fifth day ( p = 0.006). There was 62% defect reduction in the saline group versus 79% in the insulin group on the 10th day ( p = 0.034). On the 15th day, only 67% of saline group animals had complete defect closure, whereas 100% of animals treated with insulin had complete closure (92% vs 100% mucosal defect reduction, p = 0.036). Both edema and inflammation were less in the insulin group on 15th day ( p = 0.006; p = 0.023, respectively). Conclusion The results from this study support the safety and efficacy of topical insulin on wound healing in the literature. This study could guide further experimental studies that examine human sinonasal wound healing.

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Introduction Aim of this study was to evaluate our results from conventional and minimally invasive thyroidectomy and compare their outcomes. Materials and Methods 137 patients undergone conventional and minimally invasive thyroidectomy (video-assisted and open technique with mini-cervicotomy) were reviewed. Demographic data, blood loss, operative time, postoperative pain, cosmetic outcome and complications were examined and compared. Results Minimally invasive group consists of 53 cases(39%) and conventional group is composed of 84 cases(61%). No conversion from minimally invasive to conventional techniques was observed. In minimally invasive group, 25 patients(47%) had differantiated thyroid carcinoma and 28 patients(53%) had benign pathologies. Postoperative complications include transient hypocalcemia in 5 patients(3.6%) (4 in conventional, 1 in minimally invasive group), permanent hypocalcemia in 4 patients(3%) (3 in conventional, 1 in minimally invasive group), unilateral vocal cord paralysis in 2 patients(2%) (1 in conventional, 1 in minimally invasive group). Operative time was similar in both groups; however blood loss during surgery, postoperative pain was significantly lower in minimally invasive group. Conclusion Minimally invasive techniques could be implemented on selected carcinoma patients and results in equal safety and less surgical morbidity. Keywords: minimally invasive thyroidectomy, thyroid cancer, MIVAT