EMMA -the Electron Model of Many Applicationsis to be built at the STFC Daresbury Laboratory in the UK and will be the first non-scaling FFAG ever constructed. EMMA will be used to demonstrate the principle of this type of accelerator and study its features in detail. The design of the machine and its hardware components are now far advanced and construction is due for completion in Autumn 2009.
The major infrastructures of nuclear physics in Europe adopted the technology of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources for the production of heavy-ion beams. Most of them use 14 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs), except at INFN-LNS, where an 18 GHz superconducting ECRIS is in operation. In the past five years it was demonstrated, in the frame of the EU-FP5 RTD project called "Innovative ECRIS," that further enhancement of the performances requires a higher frequency (28 GHz and above) and a higher magnetic field (above 2.2 T) for the hexapolar field. Within the EU-FP6 a joint research activity named ISIBHI has been established to build by 2008 two different ion sources, the A-PHOENIX source at LPSC Grenoble, reported in another contribution, and the multipurpose superconducting ECRIS (MS-ECRIS), based on fully superconducting magnets, able to operate in High B mode at a frequency of 28 GHz or higher. Such a development represents a significant step compared to existing devices, and an increase of typically a factor of 10 for the intensity is expected (e.g., 1 emA for medium charge states of heavy ions, or hundreds of e$\mu$A of fully stripped light ions, or even 1 e$\mu$A of charge states above $50^+$ for the heaviest species). The challenging issue is the very high level of magnetic field, never achieved by a minimum B trap magnet system; the maximum magnetic field of MS-ECRIS will be higher than 4 or 5 T for the axial field and close to 2.7 T for the hexapolar field. The detailed description of the MS-ECRIS project and of its major constraints will be given along with the general issues of the developments under way
The LEAR machine is foreseen to be used as a lead ion accumulator in the injector chain for the LHC. Therefore, to test the principle of Pb54+ ion accumulation in LEAR, at 4.2 MeV/u, a number of studies and experiments have been made aimed at determining the improvements and modifications necessary to fulfill the LHC requirements. Amongst subjects studied we have investigated: a) The ion production and the injection line matching, b) The linac energy ramping in view of accumulation through combined longitudinal-transverse multi-turn injection, c) The ion beam lifetime and recombination processes, and finally d) The electron cooling time, as a function of the lattice parameters at the cooler. Recent experiments and measurements will be reported and commented in this paper. Also mentioned are some particular diagnostic methods.
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