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Terpolymerizations of CO 2 /propylene oxide (PO)/cyclohexene oxide (CHO), CO 2 /PO/1-hexene oxide (HO), and CO 2 /PO/1-butene oxide (BO) were carried out without the formation of cyclic carbonates and ether linkages with a cobalt(III) complex of a Salen-type ligand tethered by four quaternary ammonium salts (1). The activities were excellent, in the range of (0.62-1.6) Â 10 6 g/mol-Co (TOF, 4400-14 000 h -1 ). In all three of terpolymerizations, the data for the PO mole fractions in the feed (f PO ) and the polymers (F PO ) fit the Fineman-Ross plot well to determine the monomer reactivity ratios. The linear dependencies of the T g 's of the polymers on the mole fractions of the third monomers (F CHO , F HO , and F BO ) were observed with the relationships of "T g (°C) = 81 Â F CHO þ 40", "T g (°C) = -62 Â F HO þ 38", and "T g (°C) = -27 Â F BO þ 38", respectively. The decomposition temperature of the resin increased when the third monomer was employed. The GPC data indicated that the polymer chains grew in an immortal passion from four 2,4-dinitrophenolates as well as the two 2,4-dinitrophenols in 1. High molecular weights (M n ) above 200 000 were attainable because of the high activities.

Abstract:The beneficial effects of adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) on skin regeneration have been reported. Although the mechanism of how ADSC-CM promotes skin regeneration is unclear, ADSC-CM contained various growth factors and it is an excellent raw material for skin treatment. ADSC-CM produced in a hypoxia condition of ADSC-in other words, Advanced Adipose-Derived Stem cell Protein Extract (AAPE)-has great merits for skin regeneration. In this study, human primary keratinocytes (HKs), which play fundamental roles in skin tissue, was used to examine how AAPE affects HK. HK proliferation was significantly higher in the experimental group (1.22 μg/mL) than in the control group. DNA gene chip demonstrated that AAPE in keratinocytes (p < 0.05) notably affected expression of 290 identified transcripts, which were associated with cell proliferation, cycle and migration. More keratinocyte wound healing and migration was shown in the experimental group (1.22 μg/mL). AAPE treatment significantly stimulated stress fiber formation, which was linked to the OPEN ACCESS Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13 1240RhoA-ROCK pathway. We identified 48 protein spots in 2-D gel analysis and selected proteins were divided into 64% collagen components and 30% non-collagen components as shown by the MALDI-TOF analysis. Antibody array results contained growth factor/cytokine such as HGF, FGF-1, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, VEGF, and TGF-β3 differing from that shown by 2-D analysis. Conclusion: AAPE activates HK proliferation and migration. These results highlight the potential of the topical application of AAPE in the treatment of skin regeneration.

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