The increasing use of contact lenses worldwide has led to an increase in cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis, which are often associated with inappropriate cleaning of contact lenses and lens cases. This study aimed to retrospectively review 28 cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis in Porto Alegre (southern Brazil) and identify the risk factors and clinical outcomes of affected patients. Most patients had higher education (66.6%), all were users of contact lenses, mostly women (67.9%). Most patients were soft contact lens wearers (66.7%) and 85.7% used multipurpose cleaning solutions. Sixteen patients (64.0%) used to wear contact lenses while swimming and/or bathing. Pain was the most common symptom (92.6%). For treatment, patients used polyhexamethylene biguanide drops (92.6%), propamidine isethionate drops (81.5%), chlorhexidine drops (55.6%), topical corticosteroids (63.0%), and systemic corticosteroids (37.0%). Herpes simplex keratitis was the most common misdiagnosis (72.7%). The majority of patients (76.0%) underwent a corneal transplant to control the disease.

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Although abdominal cryptococcomas and visceral cryptococcal lymphadenitis as part of disseminated fungal infection have been reported mostly in HIV-infected patients, localized intra-abdominal involvement due to Cryptococcus gattii has not been previously described in non-HIV-infected patients. In general, a smaller proportion of cryptococcosis is caused by C. gattii. We report here on a type II diabetic HIV-negative patient who presented with a localized intra-abdominal cryptococcal mass due to C. gattii. In addition, we review the general aspects of intra-abdominal and gastrointestinal involvement by Cryptococcus neoformans in the literature and discuss the importance of identifying the C. neoformans varieties and C. gattii in routine laboratories.