Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by partial artery ligation of one uterine horn in the mother on day 17 of gestation or by feeding the mother a 5% protein diet from day 8 of gestation. The controls were pups of the contralateral uterine horn or pups born to mothers fed a normal (22%) protein diet. The number of nephrons present at birth and the final number of nephrons in 2-week-old rats were counted throughout the entire kidney. The number of nephrons present at birth and the final number of nephrons were significantly correlated with birth weight for growth-retarded rats of both groups and their corresponding controls (P < 0.02 for the poorest correlation). Clearance experiments and morphometric studies of 2-week-old rats born to mothers with uterine artery ligation indicated that, despite a large compensatory hypertrophy of the nephrons in those animals born with a nephron deficit of about 30%, the overall renal function was impaired. We conclude that IUGR is accompanied by a nephron deficit which may not be fully compensated for within the first weeks after birth.

Telithromycin 800 mg once daily is a convenient, optimal-spectrum, first-line treatment for CAP in adults, at least as effective and well tolerated as high-dose amoxicillin.

Background: The efficacy and tolerability of oral telithromycin 800 mg once daily for 5 vs. 10 days were assessed in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS). Methods: Adults (n = 341) with confirmed AMS diagnosed on clinical signs and symptoms and sinus X-ray showing total opacity or air-fluid level were randomized to receive oral telithromycin for 5 days (followed by placebo for 5 days; n = 170) or 10 days (n = 171). Causative pathogens were isolated by pretreatment sinus puncture (day 1). Clinical and bacteriologic outcomes, and safety and tolerability endpoints were assessed. Results: Clinical cure rates post-therapy (per-protocol; days 17–21) were comparable (91.1% in the 5-day group, n = 123; 91.0% in the 10-day group, n = 133). Bacteriologic eradication rates (per-protocol) were also similar (90.7 vs. 91.3%). Both regimens were well tolerated. Conclusions: A 5-day course of telithromycin 800 mg once daily is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for adults with AMS, comparable to a 10-day regimen.

Telithroniycin (HMR 3647) is a new ketolide antimicrobial that was developed for the treatment ofcommunityacquired respiratory tract infections. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of oral telithromycin; at 800 mg once dail yfor 5 or 10 days, with that ofamoxicillin/ clavulanic acid, at 500/125 mg three times daily for 10 days, in adults with acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS). A total of 754 patients with AMS of less than 28 days' duration were randomized to receive either telithromycin for 5 days follow ed by pla cebo for 5 days, telithromycin fo r 10 days, or amoxicillin/clavulanic acidfor 10 days. Clinical out com e was assessed at a test-of-cure (TOC) visit between days 17 and 24 and at a late post-therapy visit between days 31 and 45. Analysis ofclinical outcome on a per-protocol basis (n =434) demonstrated therapeutic equivalence among the three regimens at the TOC visit; in each treatment group , the clini cal cure rate was approximately 75%. Only a few patients (3 to 5 in each group) had relapsed by the late post-therapy follow-up visit. Telith romycin was generally saf e and well tolerated. The most common adverse events were mild or moderate gastrointestinal effects, which occurred with similarfrequency in all three group s. We conclude that 5 or 10 days of telithromycin at 800 mg once daily is as effective clinically and as well tolerated as 10 days of