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The Human Metabolome Database or HMDB (https://hmdb.ca) has been providing comprehensive reference information about human metabolites and their associated biological, physiological and chemical properties since 2007. Over the past 15 years, the HMDB has grown and evolved significantly to meet the needs of the metabolomics community and respond to continuing changes in internet and computing technology. This year's update, HMDB 5.0, brings a number of important improvements and upgrades to the database. These should make the HMDB more useful and more appealing to a larger cross-section of users. In particular, these improvements include: (i) a significant increase in the number of metabolite entries (from 114 100 to 217 920 compounds); (ii) enhancements to the quality and depth of metabolite descriptions; (iii) the addition of new structure, spectral and pathway visualization tools; (iv) the inclusion of many new and much more accurately predicted spectral data sets, including predicted NMR spectra, more accurately predicted MS spectra, predicted retention indices and predicted collision cross section data and (v) enhancements to the HMDB’s search functions to facilitate better compound identification. Many other minor improvements and updates to the content, the interface, and general performance of the HMDB website have also been made. Overall, we believe these upgrades and updates should greatly enhance the HMDB’s ease of use and its potential applications not only in human metabolomics but also in exposomics, lipidomics, nutritional science, biochemistry and clinical chemistry.

Main TextKepler is a NASA Discovery-class mission designed to determine the frequency of Earth-radius planets in and near the HZ of solar-like stars (1-6). Planets are detected as "transits" that cause the host star to appear periodically fainter when the planets pass in front it along the observer's line of sight. Kepler-62 (KIC 9002278, KOI 701) is one of approximately 170,000 stars observed by the Kepler spacecraft. Based on an analysis of long-cadence photometric observations from Kepler taken in Quarters 1 through 12 (May 13, 2009 through March 28, 2012, we report the detection of five planets including two super-Earth-size planets in the HZ and a hot Mars-size planet orbiting Kepler-62 ( Fig. 1 and Table 1). Prior to validation, three of these objects were designated as planetary candidates 701.02, and 701.03 in the Kepler 2011 catalog (7) and the Kepler 2012 catalog (8). KOI-701.04 and 701.05 were identified subsequently using a larger data sample (9).Analysis of high-resolution spectra indicates that Kepler-62 is a K2V spectral type with an estimated mass and radius (in solar units) of 0.69 ± 0.02 Mʘ and 0.63 ± 0.02 Rʘ (9). Examination of the sky close to Kepler-62 showed the presence of only one additional star that contributed as much as 1% to the total flux (figs. S3-S4)(9). Warm-Spitzer observations ( fig. S9) and the analysis of centroid motion (Table S1) were consistent with the target star as the source of the transit signals ( Fig. 1 and fig. S1). We computed the radius, semi-major axis, and radiative equilibrium 3 temperature of each planet (Table 1) based on light curve modeling given the derived stellar parameters (Table S3). Fig. 1. Kepler-62 light curves after the data were detrended to remove the stellar variability. Composite of phase-folded transit light curves (dots), data binned in ½ hour intervals (blue error bars), and model fits (colored curves) for Kepler-62b through -62f. Model parameters are provided in Table 1. The error bars get larger as the period becomes larger because there are fewer points to bin together. For the shortest periods, the bars are too small to see. Notes: 1) T 0 is the epoch in mid-transit in Barycentric Julian Days, P is the period, duration is the transit duration, "depth" is the percent reduction of the flux during the transits determined from the model fit to the data, R p /R * is the ratio of the radius of the planet to the radius of the star, a/R * is the ratio of the planet's semi-major axis to the stellar radius, b is the impact parameter in units of stellar radius, i is the orbital inclination, ecosω is the product of the orbital eccentricity e with the cosine of the periapse angle ω, a is the semi-major axis, and R p is the radius of the planet, and Maximum Mass is the upper limit to the mass based on transiting timing and RV observations, M⊕ is the mass of the Earth, and Teq is the radiative equilibrium temperature.2) The values of the uncertainties are ±1 standard deviation unless otherwise noted.3) Values for the maximum mass are for the 95 th p...

We present u 0 g 0 r 0 i 0 BV photometry and optical spectroscopy of the Type Ib/Ic SN 2005bf covering the first $100 days following discovery. The u 0 g 0 BV light curves displayed an unprecedented morphology among Type Ib/Ic supernovae, with an initial maximum some 2 weeks after discovery and a second, main maximum about 25 days after that. The bolometric light curve indicates that SN 2005bf was a remarkably luminous event, radiating at least 6:3 ; 10 42 ergs s À1 at maximum light and a total of 2:1 ; 10 49 ergs during the first 75 days after the explosion. Spectroscopically, SN 2005bf underwent a unique transformation from a Type Ic-like event at early times to a typical Type Ib supernova at later phases. The initial maximum in u 0 g 0 BV was accompanied by the presence in the spectrum of high-velocity (>14,000 km s À1 ) absorption lines of Fe ii, Ca ii, and H i. The photospheric velocity derived from spectra at early epochs was below 10,000 km s À1 , which is unusually low compared with ordinary Type Ib supernovae. We describe one-dimensional computer simulations that attempt to account for these remarkable properties. The most favored model is that of a very energetic (2 ; 10 51 ergs), asymmetric explosion of a massive (8.3 M ) Wolf-Rayet WN star that had lost most of its hydrogen envelope. We speculate that an unobserved relativistic jet was launched producing a two-component explosion consisting of (1) a polar explosion containing a small fraction of the total mass and moving at high velocity and (2) the explosion of the rest of the star. At first, only the polar explosion is observed, producing the initial maximum and the high-velocity absorption-line spectrum resembling a Type Ic event. At late times, this fast-moving component becomes optically thin, revealing the more slowly moving explosion of the rest of the star and transforming the observed spectrum to that of a typical Type Ib supernova. If this scenario is correct, then SN 2005bf is the best example to date of a transition object between normal Type Ib/Ic supernovae and -ray bursts. Subject headingg s: gamma rays: bursts -supernovae: individual (SN 2005bf )

The Natural Products Magnetic Resonance Database (NP-MRD) is a comprehensive, freely available electronic resource for the deposition, distribution, searching and retrieval of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data on natural products, metabolites and other biologically derived chemicals. NMR spectroscopy has long been viewed as the ‘gold standard’ for the structure determination of novel natural products and novel metabolites. NMR is also widely used in natural product dereplication and the characterization of biofluid mixtures (metabolomics). All of these NMR applications require large collections of high quality, well-annotated, referential NMR spectra of pure compounds. Unfortunately, referential NMR spectral collections for natural products are quite limited. It is because of the critical need for dedicated, open access natural product NMR resources that the NP-MRD was funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH). Since its launch in 2020, the NP-MRD has grown quickly to become the world's largest repository for NMR data on natural products and other biological substances. It currently contains both structural and NMR data for nearly 41,000 natural product compounds from >7400 different living species. All structural, spectroscopic and descriptive data in the NP-MRD is interactively viewable, searchable and fully downloadable in multiple formats. Extensive hyperlinks to other databases of relevance are also provided. The NP-MRD also supports community deposition of NMR assignments and NMR spectra (1D and 2D) of natural products and related meta-data. The deposition system performs extensive data enrichment, automated data format conversion and spectral/assignment evaluation. Details of these database features, how they are implemented and plans for future upgrades are also provided. The NP-MRD is available at https://np-mrd.org.