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Cobalt-containing aluminophosphate five (CoAPO-5) was synthesized and shown to contain tetrahedral Co2+ residing within framework atomic positions and also as extraframework cations. The isolated framework Co2+ atoms can be oxidized by 02 at 500 °C to Co3+ which is stabilized in tetrahedral coordination by the oxide lattice. The framework Co3+ is easily reduced to Co2+ by a variety of reducing agents.

This Short Review critically evaluates three hypotheses about the effects of emotion on memory: First, emotion usually enhances memory. Second, when emotion does not enhance memory, this can be understood by the magnitude of physiological arousal elicited, with arousal benefiting memory to a point but then having a detrimental influence. Third, when emotion facilitates the processing of information, this also facilitates the retention of that same information. For each of these hypotheses, we summarize the evidence consistent with it, present counter-evidence suggesting boundary conditions for the effect, and discuss the implications for future research.

Research has demonstrated that when discrete pieces of information are integrated together at encodingimagining two items together as a single entity, for examplethere is a mnemonic benefit for their relationship. A separate body of literature has indicated that the presence of emotional information can have an impact on the binding of associated neutral details, in some cases facilitating associative binding (MacKay et al. Memory and Cognition 32:474-488, 2004; Mather, Perspectives on Psychological Science 2: [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] 2007), and in other cases impeding the processing of associated details (Easterbrook, Psychological Review 66:183-201, 1959; Kensinger, Emotion Review 1:99-113, 2009). In the present experiments, we investigated how memory for neutral words is affected by the emotionality of the information with which they are presented (whether with an emotional word or a second neutral word) and the encoding context (integrated or nonintegrated strategy). Participants viewed word pairs and were instructed to visualize the items as an integrated unit or to visualize them separately from one another. The results of Experiment 1 showed a disproportionate mnemonic benefit for neutral items that were integrated with other neutral items over those integrated with emotional items. The results of Experiments 2A and 2B showed that this effect interacted with encoding time: When given 2 s to encode, participants showed no effect of integration on memory for neutral-neutral pairs, but showed a significant mnemonic benefit for integrating emotional-neutral pairs. When given 4 or 6 s, the integrative benefit increased significantly for neutral-neutral pairs but decreased for emotional-neutral pairs. These results suggest that creating an integrated mental image of two neutral items requires a more time-consuming process than integrating an emotional and a neutral item, but that extra effort may result in a downstream mnemonic benefit.

Treatment of Mes2BOH (1) with «-BuLi in hexane/ether affords a suspension of LiOBMes2, which can be crystallized from THF solution as the dimer [|Li(THF)OBMes2¡2] (2). Treatment of a slurry of anhydrous CoCl2 in THF with 2 equiv of 2 gives the complex [Co{OBMes2)2Li(THF)2Cl2Li(THF)2] (3) in good yield. The X-ray crystal structures of 1-3 are also reported. The structure of 1 is the first for a diorganoboronous acid, and it exists in the solid state as hydrogen-bonded tetramers. The lithium derivative 2 is the first structurally characterized example of a metal salt of a boronous acid, and it possesses a dimeric structure previously seen only with very bulky -OC(Z-Bu)3 and -OC6H2-2,6-i-Bu2-4-Me salts. The complex 3 has cobalt pseudotetrahedrally bound to two -OBMes2 and Cl" ligands, which also form bridges to two Li+ ions. Each Li+ is also pseudotetrahedrally coordinated, with two THF donors as the remaining ligands in each case. Crystallographic data with Mo Kce radiation ( = 0.71069 Á) at