Our study provided evidence of the efficacy of PRP injection in the healing of small to medium PTRCTs. Moreover, the combined injection of SH and PRP yielded a better clinical outcome than SH or PRP alone.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Background: Freshwater fish absorb Ca 2+ predominantly from ambient water, and more than 97% of Ca 2+ uptake is achieved by active transport through gill mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells. In the current model for Ca 2+ uptake in gill MR cells, Ca 2+ passively enters the cytosol via the epithelium Ca 2+ channel (ECaC), and then is extruded into the plasma through the basolateral Na + / Ca 2+ exchanger (NCX) and plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase (PMCA). However, no convincing molecular or cellular evidence has been available to support the role of specific PMCA and/or NCX isoforms in this model. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a good model for analyzing isoforms of a gene because of the plentiful genomic databases and expression sequence tag (EST) data.

An important step in understanding biological rhythms is the control of period. A multicellular, rhythmic patterning system termed the segmentation clock is thought to govern the sequential production of the vertebrate embryo's body segments, the somites. Several genetic loss-of-function conditions, including the Delta-Notch intercellular signalling mutants, result in slower segmentation. Here, we generate DeltaD transgenic zebrafish lines with a range of copy numbers and correspondingly increased signalling levels, and observe faster segmentation. The highest-expressing line shows an altered oscillating gene expression wave pattern and shortened segmentation period, producing embryos with more, shorter body segments. Our results reveal surprising differences in how Notch signalling strength is quantitatively interpreted in different organ systems, and suggest a role for intercellular communication in regulating the output period of the segmentation clock by altering its spatial pattern.