Two core–shell-structured
polystyrene/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)
(PS/PVP) and PVP/PS composite fibers were prepared via coaxial electrospinning
in this study. Different concentrations of PVP solutions with a variety
of viscosities and conductivities were adopted in the experiment.
The influences of both viscosity and conductivity on the Taylor cone,
jet motion, morphology, and internal structure of the resultant core–shell
fiber were investigated in a comprehensive and systematic manner.
As shown in the images of Taylor cone and jet motion, which were captured
by a high-speed camera, different PVP concentrations in the core and
shell would result in different core and shell thicknesses as well
as distinct jet motion patterns including straight jet length, envelop
angle, and frequency of whipping process, thus obtaining the core–shell
fibers with different diameters. Not only jet motion and Taylor cone
but also the polymer solution concentration and the role of PVP in
core and shell have a tremendous influence on the morphology and the
internal structure of the resultant core–shell fiber. Additionally,
the formation mechanisms of PS/PVP and PVP/PS fibers were studied
by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The experimental results
provide a basis for further design and optimization of processing
conditions, so as to control the nanostructure of core–shell
composite fibers.
The demands for novel approaches that ensure stability in lithium-ion batteries are increasing and have led to the development of new materials and fabrication strategies.
Filtering of industrial PM 2.5 is a major challenge for global environmental and animal protection. Filtering of materials with excellent thermal stability and other comprehensive performances is required for the removal of fine particles in high-temperature operating industries such as steel, cement, metallurgy, incineration, etc. In this study, a meta-aramid/polysulfone-amide (PMIA/ PSA) composite nanofibrous filtration membrane is prepared via solution electrospinning for the development of high-temperature-resistant filtering products. To maximize the merits of each component, PMIA/PSA composite nanofibrous membranes with different mass blending ratios are prepared to determine the optimal balance. It is found that the PMIA/PSA composite nanofibrous membranes show excellent thermal stability and thermal shrinkage performance. They also maintain superb mechanical retention ratios after 200 h treatment at 200 °C. In addition, they exhibit excellent removal efficiency of polystyrene aerosol (PSL) particles of various sizes. It is found that the removal efficiency of PMIA/PSA (3/7) is 96.7% for 0.1 μm, 98.3% for 0.2 μm and 99.6% for 0.3 μm particles and it possesses optimal filtration resistance (79 Pa), while other composite membranes can reach a removal efficiency of over 99.7%. Our experimental results illustrate that the filtration efficiency for PM 2.5 of PMIA/PSA (7/3), (5/5) composite nanofibrous membranes is still kept as high as 99.9% even after being treated at 200 °C for 120 h. It indicates that the prepared composite nanofibrous membranes have potential for applications where high-efficiency filtration is desired, such as bag dust filters for use under high temperatures.
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