The effects of aluminum content on microstructure, ductility and formability of advanced high strength low alloy TRIP (Transformation-Induced Plasticity)-aided ferrous sheet steels with annealed martensite matrix (or TRIP-aided annealed martensitic steel) were investigated in order to realize hot-dip galvanization. Aluminum addition of 0.5-1.0 mass% (and simultaneous silicon removal of the same amount) to a 0.2C-1.5Si-1.5Mn-0.04Al (mass%) steel refined the matrix structure and retained austenite needles and increased carbon concentration of retained austenite. It also brought on an excellent total elongation, stretchflangeability and bendability, although the tensile strength decreased. Optimum austempering temperature for the total elongation increased to 450-475ЊC, due to the increased carbon concentration of retained austenite. On the other hand, optimum austempering temperatures for the stretch-flangeability and bendability were maintained at 350-400ЊC, mainly due to uniform fine lath matrix and retained austenite needles. If only large total elongation is required for the TRIP-aided steel, it is expected that hot-dip galvanizing immediately after continuous intercritical annealing can be realized.
The
toxicity of the Pb element limits the large-scale application
of inorganic cesium–lead halide (CsPbX3, with X
= Cl, Br, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). Pb-free cesium–tin
halide (CsSnX3) NCs have emerged as a viable alternative
because of its excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency. However,
the applications are hampered by its poor stability and low photoluminescence
quantum yield (PLQY). In this study, extraordinarily stable CsSnCl3 NCs were prepared by exploiting bone gelatin as surface capping
agents, which retain 95% of the photoluminescence intensity in water
for 55 h. Additionally, after bone gelatin encapsulation, the PLQY
of CsSnCl3 NCs was found to increase from 2.17% to 3.13%
for the uncapped counterparts because of an improved radiative recombination
rate. With such remarkable optical properties of the bone gelatin–CsSnCl3 NCs, metal ions like Fe3+ in aqueous solutions
can be readily detected and monitored, signifying the potential application
of such stable bone gelatin–CsSnCl3 NCs in the development
of fluorescence sensors and detectors.
Nanocarbon materials as metal-free catalysts for the oxidative coupling of primary amines to imines suffer from high catalyst loading, low reaction rate and high oxygen demand. Doping heteroatom in nanocarbons...
The
rational design of an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with
an expanded operating voltage window has been recognized as a promising
strategy to maximize the energy density of the device. Nevertheless,
it remains challenging to have electrode materials that feature good
electrical conductivity and high specific capacitance. Herein, a 3D
layered Ti3C2T
X
@NiO-reduced
graphene oxide (RGO) heterostructured hydrogel was successfully synthesized
by uniform deposition of NiO nanoflowers onto Ti3C2T
X
nanosheets, and the heterostructure
was assembled into a 3D porous hydrogel through a hydrothermal GO-gelation
process at low temperatures. The resultant Ti3C2T
X
@NiO-RGO heterostructured hydrogel
exhibited an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 979 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1, in comparison to that of Ti3C2T
X
@NiO (623 F g–1) and Ti3C2T
X
(112 F g–1). Separately, a defective
RGO (DRGO) hydrogel was found to exhibit a drastic increase in specific
capacitance, compared to untreated RGO (261 vs 178 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1), owing to abundant mesopores. These
two materials were then used as free-standing anode and cathode to
construct an ASC, which displayed a large operating voltage (1.8 V),
a high energy density (79.02 Wh kg–1 at 450 W kg–1 and 45.68 Wh kg–1 at 9000 W kg–1), and remarkable cycling stability (retention of
95.6% of the capacitance after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g–1). This work highlights the unique potential of Ti3C2T
X
-based heterostructured hydrogels
as viable electrode materials for ASCs.
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