Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of previous cultivation of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) host plant and manure application on the concentration of 19 mineral elements in soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) seeds. Each experiment ran for two years (experiment 1 took place in 2007-2008, and experiment 2 took place in 2008-2009) with a split plot design. Soybeans were cultivated after growing either an AM host plant (maize, Zea mays L. cv. New dental) or a non-AM host plant (buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Kitawase-soba) in the first year in the main plots, with manure application (0 and 20 t/ha) during the soybean season in split plots from both main plots. On the basis of the two experiments, manure application significantly increased the available potassium (K) and decreased the available iron (Fe) and cesium (Cs) in the soil. However, higher concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and barium (Ba) and lower concentrations of Cs in the seed were induced by the application of manure. Cd levels in the seed were decreased by prior cultivation with the AM host plant. The present study showed that the identity of the prior crop and manure application changed the mineral contents of the soybean seed and suggests a connection between environmental factors and food safety.
Harmonisasi standar dan regulasi untuk sektor industri otomotif menjadi jawaban terhadap globalisasi industri otomotif untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan menjamin mutu produk. Dalam forum APEC dan ASEAN, negara anggota sepakat untuk melakukan adopsi regulasi otomotif sesuai dengan regulasi UNECE. Ketersediaan SNI, LPK dan kesiapan industri otomotif dalam menghadapi regulasi UNECE yang prioritas menjadi tujuan penelitian ini melalui studi pustaka dan survei lapangan (8 kota). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Expert Judgment dalam menentukan regulasi UNECE yang akan diteliti dan analisis dekriptif dalam mengolah data dalam kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan pelaku usaha sektor otomotif terkait ASEAN MRA 19 regulasi UNECE (tahap 1) masih rendah (14%). Selain itu terdapat juga 39 SNI sektor otomotif yang mempunyai acuan yang tidak update (terkini) dan usianya lebih dari 10 tahun, sehingga perlu dikaji ulang untuk direvisi. Dari 19 regulasi UNECE yang telah dibedah ternyata terdapat 119 buah Standar Internasional, Standar Regional dan Standar Nasional negara lain yang diusulkan untuk diadopsi sebagai standar mendukung ASEAN MRA sektor otomotif. Laboratorium Uji yang terkait dengan 19 regulasi UNECE juga masih minim sehingga perlu pengembangan Laboratorium Uji untuk mendukung peningkatan daya saing produk Indonesia di luar negeri. Kata kunci: regulasi UNECE, SNI, lembaga penilaian kesesuaian, industri otomotif.
Abstract. A smart city is a city development concept based on the principles of information technology so that the management of all resources runs effectively and efficiently. One of the concepts of implementing smart cities that have been developed is through the application of the SNI ISO 37122: 2019 standard. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the smart city concept is expected to play a role in increasing the effectiveness of implementing health protocols in urban environments. The purpose of this preliminary research is to analyze smart city indicators in the SNI ISO 37122 standard which are directly related to preventing the spread of the Covid-19 Pandemic. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods and literature study. To link the smart city indicator and the Covid-19 pandemic health protocol, the Cause-and-Effect Analysis (CEA) method and brainstorming using expert judgment were used. Based on the results of the analysis of 19 sectors contained in the standard, there are 11 sectors and 21 indicators that have roles in limiting the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia.
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