ResumenEl Lidar aéreo se ha constituido en la última década como una de las herramientas más interesantes para la prospección arqueológica, puesto que permite, entre otras cosas, analizar el terreno con gran detalle obviando la vegetación. Planteamos un ejemplo de las posibilidades que para el Megalitismo la tecnología Lidar puede proporcionar. Para ello, hemos elegido la necrópolis megalítica del Monte de Santa Mariña (provincia de Lugo, Galicia), que cuenta con una treintena de monumentos catalogados. Para el estudio del terreno se ha procedido a diseñar una metodología de prospección arqueológica basada en datos Lidar que, gracias a diferentes análisis visuales propuestos, han permitido situar los monumentos correctamente e incluso encontrar uno nuevo.
Palabras claveLidar, Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Megalitismo, Santa Mariña.
AbstractOver the last decade, the aerial Lidar has been constituted as one of the most interesting tools for the archaeological survey, because it allows, among other things, to analyze the field in detail, specially obviating the vegetation. Thus, we propose an example of the possibilities that Lidar technology could provide in the case of Megalithic culture. Furthermore, we have chosen the megalithic necropolis of Monte de Santa Mariña (Lugo, Galicia), which had some thirty-four monuments officially cataloged. Consequently, before starting the archaeological survey we have planned a methodology based on Lidar data. In fact, thanks to the study of different types of visual analysis proposed by some authors, we were able to identify correctly the whole of all the monuments and even find a new one.
We present the results of our analysis of two singular Neolithic monuments and two prominent megalithic groups in Galicia. The two singular monuments are the dolmen of Dombate (Baio, Coruña county), perhaps the largest megalithic chamber in Galicia (or at least the most investigated and well-known) that houses an elaborate decorative program with engravings and paintings, and Forno dos Mouros (Bocelo mountains, Coruña county), also housing paintings and belonging to a bigger group aligned along an historical path following the mountain ridge. Both chambers house interesting illumination effects. The group analysis concerns the Barbanza (Coruña county) and Leboreiro, (Ourense county and borderland with Portugal) necropoleis. There, we find that apart from chamber orientation, location and spatial relations of the monuments within the landscape, the monuments incorporate skyscape associations that complemented and dialogued with that of the chamber orientations. Besides, if the particular directions that we find are related to the movements of the sun and/or moon they may indicate the appropriate ritual time for the dead. Of course, skyscape is not the only or the main factor to explain the location of the mounds within the necropolis but are part of a complex system of relations making those monuments part of a cultural landscape. When taking all factors into consideration a complex picture emerges where we can env
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