Proof of concept of Bayesian integrated QTL analyses across pedigree-related families from breeding programs of an outbreeding species. Results include QTL confidence intervals, individuals' genotype probabilities and genomic breeding values. Bayesian QTL linkage mapping approaches offer the flexibility to study multiple full sib families with known pedigrees simultaneously. Such a joint analysis increases the probability of detecting these quantitative trait loci (QTL) and provide insight of the magnitude of QTL across different genetic backgrounds. Here, we present an improved Bayesian multi-QTL pedigree-based approach on an outcrossing species using progenies with different (complex) genetic relationships. Different modeling assumptions were studied in the QTL analyses, i.e., the a priori expected number of QTL varied and polygenic effects were considered. The inferences include number of QTL, additive QTL effect sizes and supporting credible intervals, posterior probabilities of QTL genotypes for all individuals in the dataset, and QTL-based as well as genome-wide breeding values. All these features have been implemented in the FlexQTL(™) software. We analyzed fruit firmness in a large apple dataset that comprised 1,347 individuals forming 27 full sib families and their known ancestral pedigrees, with genotypes for 87 SSR markers on 17 chromosomes. We report strong or positive evidence for 14 QTL for fruit firmness on eight chromosomes, validating our approach as several of these QTL were reported previously, though dispersed over a series of studies based on single mapping populations. Interpretation of linked QTL was possible via individuals' QTL genotypes. The correlation between the genomic breeding values and phenotypes was on average 90 %, but varied with the number of detected QTL in a family. The detailed posterior knowledge on QTL of potential parents is critical for the efficiency of marker-assisted breeding.
The various organs of the Polish cultivars of buckwheat were evaluated for their flavonoid content (rutin, quercetin, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin) and for their phenolic acid content (chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, and gallic acids) to test their contribution to buckwheat allelopathic activity. The main compound found in the above-ground organs of buckwheat was rutin, followed by chlorogenic acid, and then (-)-epicatechin.The allelopathic activity, based on the specific activity of the identified compounds on lettuce seedling growth, was evaluated. Gallic acid had the highest specific activity and quercetin had the lowest.The specific activity of rutin was at the medium level compared to the other examined compounds, but as a consequence of its high concentration, its total activity was very high.The growth inhibitory effects of the aqueous extracts of the buckwheat leaves and inflorescences were higher than that of the stems. The higher inhibitory activity of the extracts compared to the leaves and inflorescences was explained by the high presence of rutin in them. Therefore, based on the total activity, as calculated by its concentration and its growth inhibitory effect, it seems that rutin, among the other tested compounds, is the major allelochemical in Polish buckwheat.
Antioxidants are usually considered with regard to plant defense mechanisms due to the oxidative stress or their importance for human health or both. In the present research, a comprehensive study was made to test the relationship between the antioxidant content in apple peel and the whole fruit in two growing seasons. Antioxidants were mainly localized in the apple peel, but cultivars exhibited very high biodiversity in the distribution pattern. High or very high correlation coefficients between apple peel glutathione reductase and catalase activity as well as ascorbate, glutathione, and anthocyanins concentrations and the whole fruit were discovered on the basis of both fresh and dry weight basis in two growing seasons: 2004 and 2005. In the case of ascorbate peroxidase activity and phenolics or flavonol contents, it was proven only in 2005. It seems that apple peel could be a good marker of health values as well as antioxidant potential of apple fruit. Additional arguments, as compared to the previous study, were incorporated to support the suggestion of glutathione reductase as worth considering as an environmental stress marker and/or signalling molecule.
The contents of ascorbate, thiols, and phenolic compounds and antioxidative enzyme activity were measured in the apple peel of 56 genotypes after harvest in two vegetation seasons, 2003 and 2004. The main reason of great interest in these bioactive compounds is their well-established physiological role in all living systems. The biggest differences between tested genotypes were noted for ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, followed by total ascorbate, phenolics, and glutathione concentration; the least difference was observed in the case of catalase. A large cultivar variation was noted in the anthocyanins and flavonols contents. Distinguishing the cultivars with the lowest, highest, relatively stable or those in which antioxidant content greatly differed depending on growing seasons was attempted. The GR activity is proposed as an environmental stress marker of apple fruit.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.