Estimating structural inheritance in orogens is critical to understand the manner in which plate convergence is accomodated. The Pyrenean belt, which developed in Late Cretaceous to Paleogene times, was affected by Cretaceous rifting and Variscan orogeny. Here we combine a structural and petrological study of the Axial Zone in the Central Pyrenees to discuss structural inheritance. Low-grade Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks were affected by a Variscan transpressional event that produced successively: (i) regional-scale folds; (ii) isoclinal folding, steep pervasive cleavage and vertical stretching, synchronous with peak metamorphism; (iii) and strain localization into ductile reverse shear zones. The persistence of a relative flat envelop for the Paleozoic sedimentary pile and Variscan isograds, and the absence of Alpine crustal-scale faults in the core of the Axial Zone, suggest that the Axial Zone constitutes a large Variscan structural unit preserved during Pyrenean orogeny. This configuration seems to be inherited from Cretaceous rifting, which led to the individualization of a large continental block (future Axial Zone) against a hyper-extended domain along the North Pyrenean Fault zone. This study places the currently prevailing model of Pyrenean belt deformation in a new perspective and bears important implications for crustal evolution and inheritance in mountain belts more generally.