A simple-structure zwitterion of sulfamic acid ( + H 3 N−SO 3 − , SA) is introduced to construct an effective chemical bridge between SnO 2 and a perovskite layer through a coordination bond via the -SO 3 − anion for remedying the oxygen vacancies of SnO 2 and meanwhile to passivate charged defects of the perovskite through electrostatic interaction via the -NH 3 + cation. The introduced SA results in high-quality perovskite films with large grain size, due to the better wettability for perovskite solution. Consequently, the SA-modified solar cell generates an enhanced efficiency from 18.2% to 20.4% with negligible hysteresis. Remarkably, the unsealed device with SA modification also exhibits considerably improved stability.
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