Carbon and oxygen burning reactions, in particular, 12 C þ 12 C fusion, are important for the understanding and interpretation of the late phases of stellar evolution as well as the ignition and nucleosynthesis in cataclysmic binary systems such as type Ia supernovae and x-ray superbursts. A new measurement of this reaction has been performed at the University of Notre Dame using particle-γ coincidence techniques with SAND (a silicon detector array) at the high-intensity 5U Pelletron accelerator. New results for 12 C þ 12 C fusion at low energies relevant to nuclear astrophysics are reported. They show strong disagreement with a recent measurement using the indirect Trojan Horse method. The impact on the carbon burning process under astrophysical scenarios will be discussed.
The influence of high-energy (1.6 MeV) Ar2+ irradiation on the interfacial interaction between cerium oxide thin films (∼15 nm) with a SiO2/Si substrate is investigated using transmission electron microscopy, ultrahigh vacuum x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation catalytic reaction using ambient pressure XPS. The combination of these methods allows probing the dynamics of vacancy generation and its relation to chemical interactions at the CeO2/SiO2/Si interface. The results suggest that irradiation causes amorphization of some portion of CeO2 at the CeO2/SiO2/Si interface and creates oxygen vacancies due to the formation of Ce2O3 at room temperature. The subsequent ultra-high-vacuum annealing of irradiated films increases the concentration of Ce2O3 with the simultaneous growth of the SiO2 layer. Interactions with CO molecules result in an additional reduction of cerium and promote the transition of Ce2O3 to a silicate compound. Thermal annealing of thin films exposed to oxygen or carbon monoxide shows that the silicate phase is highly stabile even at 450 °C.
Electromagnetic observables are able to give insight into collective and emergent features in nuclei, including nuclear clustering. These observables also provide strong constraints for ab initio theory, but comparison of these observables between theory and experiment can be difficult due to the lack of convergence for relevant calculated values, such as E2 transition strengths. By comparing the ratios of E2 transition strengths for mirror transitions, we find that a wide range of ab initio calculations give robust and consistent predictions for this ratio. In order to experimentally test the validity of these ab initio predictions, we performed a Coulomb excitation experiment to measure the B(E2; 3/2 − → 1/2 − ) transition strength in 7 Be for the first time. A B(E2; 3/2 − → 1/2 − ) value of 26( 6) stat ( 3) syst e 2 fm 4 was deduced from the measured Coulomb excitation cross section. This result is used with the experimentally known 7 Li B(E2; 3/2 − → 1/2 − ) value to provide an experimental ratio to compare with the ab initio predictions. Our experimental value is consistent with the theoretical ratios within 1σ uncertainty, giving experimental support for the value of these ratios. Further work in both theory and experiment can give insight into the robustness of these ratios and their physical meaning.
A new precision half-life measurement of 25 Al was conducted using the TwinSol β-counting station at the University of Notre Dame. The new measured value of t new 1/2 = 7.1657(24) s is in good agreement with the most recent measurement, while being 3 times more precise. Using these new measurements, an evaluation of the 25 Al half-life has been performed, leading to an average halflife of t world 1/2 = 7.1665(26) s, which is 5 times more precise than it's predecessor and has a more satisfactory Birge ratio of 1.1. To aid in future measurements of correlation parameters, a new Fermi to Gamow-Teller mixing ratio ρ and correlation parameters for this mixed transition have been calculated assuming Standard Model validity using the new world half-life.
The National Ignition Facility provides the opportunity to study nuclear reactions under controlled conditions at high temperatures and pressures at a level never before achieved. However, the time scale of the deuterium-tritium (DT) implosion is only a few nanoseconds, making data collection and diagnostics very challenging. One method that has been proposed for obtaining additional information about the conditions of the implosion is to activate a dopant material using the αparticles produced from the DT fuel as a diagnostic. The yield of the activated material can give a measure of the mixing that occurs in the capsule. One of the reactions that has been proposed is 10 B(α, n) 13 N, as it produces a radioactive reactant product with an convenient halflife of ≈10 minutes. While this reaction has several advantages for the application at hand, it has not seen much study in the present literature, resulting in large uncertainties in the cross section. Further, for the current application, the cross section must be well characterized. With this motivation, the 10 B(α, n) 13 N cross section has been remeasured from 2.2 < Eα < 4.9 MeV, with the angle integrated ground state cross section reported for the first time. The present results, combined with previous measurements, allow for a determination of the cross section to a significantly higher degree of accuracy and precision than obtained previously, and are shown to be consistent with thick-target measurements. Preliminary calculations are performed to test the feasibility of this reaction as a diagnostic for a NIF implosion.
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