In this study, the possibility of using of chestnut (Castanea sativa) sawdust in Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostretatus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus) cultivation was investigated. Additionally; Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation on the substrates which was mixed of chestnut with black poplar (Populus nigra) and oriental spruce (Picea orientalis) was performed. Bioactive properties of these mushroom and their growth mediums were also examined. After a successful harvest, total phenolic, flavonoid, condensed tannin contents and antioxidant properties of mushrooms' methanolic extracts were determined. Same analyses were also performed for mushrooms substrates. The highest yield and biological efficiency was observed in P. ostreatus cultivated on 100% Castanea sativa substrate. The highest total phenolic content (2.529±0.010 mg GAE/g) was found in P. citrinopileatus cultivated on C. sativa sawdust and its substrate medium. Total flavonoid could not determine any mushroom. The highest total condensed tannin (3.691±0.011 CE mg/g) content was observed in P. ostreatus cultivated on C. sativa sawdust and its substrate medium; the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (11.761±0.020 µmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g) was seen in P. ostreatus mushroom cultivated on 50% P. orientalis + 50% C. sativa and 100% C. sativa substrate medium. The highest free radical scavenging activity of DPPH was in P. citrinopileatus and 100% C. sativa sawdust and 100% C. sativa substrate medium. Keywords: Antioxidant, chestnut, Pleurotus, tannin content, total phenolic content ÇEŞİTLİ TALAŞLARDA ÜRETİLEN PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS VE PLEUROTUS CITRINOPILEATUS MANTARLARININ TOPLAM FENOLİK, FLAVONOİD VE TANEN İÇERİKLERİ VE ANTİOKSİDAN ÖZELLİKLERİ ÖzBu çal›flmada Pleurotus ostreatus ve Pleurotus citrinopileatus'un (‹stiridye mantar›/Kay›n mantar›) kestane (Castane asativa) odunu talafl›ndaki üretim olanaklar› üzerinde durulmufltur. Ayr›ca; kestane talafl›n›n; karakavak (Populus nigra) ve do¤u ladini (Picea orientalis) talafllar› ile kar›flt›r›ld›¤› ortamlarda Pleurotus ostreatus üretimi denenmifltir. Üretimlerin ard›ndan elde edilen mantarlar›n ve yetiflme ortamlar›n›n biyoaktif özellikleri araflt›r›lm›flt›r. Baflar›l› bir hasat periyodundan sonra mantarlar›n metanolik eksraktlar› üzerinden toplam fenolik, flavonoid ve kondanse tanen içerikleri ve antioksidan özellikleri belirlenmifltir. Ayn› deneyler mantar subsratlar› için de tekrar edilmifltir. En yüksek verim ve biyolojik etkinlik de¤eri %100 Castanea sativa ortam›nda geliflen P. ostreatus mantar›nda gözlenmifltir. En yüksek fenolik içerik (2.529±0.010 mg GAE/g) C. sativa talafl›nda üretilen P. citrinopileatus mantar›nda ve kendi yetiflme ortam›nda bulunmufltur. Hiç bir mantarda flavonoid içeri¤i tespit edilememifltir. En yüksek kondanse tanen içeri¤i (3.691±0.011 CE mg/g) %100 C. sativa talafl›nda üretilen P. ostreatus'da ve kendi yetiflme substrat›nda; en yüksek demir indirgeyici antioksidan aktivite (11.761±0.020 µmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g) %50 P. orientalis + %50 C. sativa kar›fl›m›nda üretilen P. ostrea...

In this study, radioactivity and heavy metals accumulations in Agaricus campestris mushroom collected from Kahramanmaraş and Erzurum provinces was determined. HPGe gamma detector was used for the determination of radioactivity concentrations. Heavy metal content was measured using a ICP-MS. -5 respectively. Amount of daily intake for each heavy metal was calculated. Radionuclide activity concentrations and accumulations of heavy metal were not founded threaten level to healthy, except from arsenic As (0.025 and 0.039 mg/kg) in mushroom collected from both provinces. They were found a bit higher than upper limit (0.015 mg/kg) in report which is prepared World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) jointly. Kahramanmaraş ve Erzurum'dan toplanan Agaricus campestris mantarlarının radyoaktivite tayini ve ağır metal miktarlarının belirlenmesi Keywords

Ö Z E TS unulan bu çalışmanın amacı, atık ıhlamur yapraklarının Pleurotus ostreatus mantarı kültivasyonunda kullanılabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Başarılı bir hasattan sonra, mantarların toplam fenolik madde miktarları, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, verim %15, biyolojik etkinlik %30, toplam fenol miktarı 1.514±0.001 mg GAE/g, antioksidan aktivitesi 2.508±0.056 μmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca Pleurotus ostreatus mantarı metanolik özütleri Klebsiella pneumonia ve Acinetobacter haemolyticus bakterilerine karşı inhibitor etki göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Tilia tomentosa yaprakları tıbbi özelliklere sahip Pleurotus ostreatus kültivasyonu için uygun bir hammaddedir. Anahtar KelimelerAntimikrobiyal, antioksidan, ıhlamur yaprakları, Pleurotus ostreatus. A B S T R A C TI n this study, the posibility of using of waste lime leaves in Pleurotus ostretatus cultivation was investigated.After a successful harvest, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of mushrooms was determined. According to the test results; yield was 15%, biological efficiency was 30%. The total phenolic content was 151.4±0.001 mg GAE/100 g, the antioxidant activity was 2,508±0.056 μmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g. Additionally; methanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom showed inhibitory effect against Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter haemolyticus bacteria. As a result, Tilia Tomentesa's leaves are suitable raw material with satisfactory medical properties for the Pleurotus ostretaus cultivation.

Some non-wood forest products are brewed and consumed as tea. Among the reasons for the consumption of herbal tea, digestive problems are located in the first row. Antioxidants help to human body for arranging digestive and immune system. Herbal tea is brewed in various ways such as boiling at different durations or waiting in hot water at different temperatures etc. Type of brewing can affect to bioactive properties of herbal tea. In this study, it was investigated the bioactive properties (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, condensed tannin content and antioxidant properties) of some herbals brewed (Green tea / Camellia sinensis., senna / Cassia sp., corn silk / Zea mays, rosemary / Rosmarinus officinalis) at different temperature. These herbs were brewed for 10 minutes at 60 o C, 80 o C and 100 o C temperatures. After cooling, total phenolic, flavonoid content, total condensed tannin content and antioxidant properties of these herbs were determined. Consistently, the highest results were found in the tea brewed at 100 o C. The highest total flavonoid (0.305 ± 0.005 mg QE/g) and ferric reducing ability (670.150 ± 2.121 µmol FeSO47H2O/g) was in Rosmarinus officinalis. The highest condensed tannin (9.443 ± 0.524 mg CE/g) and the highest total phenolic content (4.872 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g) was in Camellia sinensis and Cassia sp., respectively.

Aim of study: the protein and total phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some wild mushrooms (Cantharellus cibarius Fr., Craterellus cornucopioides (L.) Pers., Hydnum rufescens Pers. and Macrolepiota procera (Scop. ex Fr.) Sing.) collected from Kastamonu province, in Turkey was determined. Area of study: Wild mushrooms were collected from Kastamonu province, Turkey. Material and Methods: Dumas and Folin-Ciocalteu methods were used to determine the protein and the total phenolic contents, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the mushrooms were determined using the Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against the test organisms;

In this study, it was investigated the possibilities of the use of fungal extract as wood protection solution against wood-degrading fungi. For that purpose, the decay resistance of Scotch pine wood samples, impregnated with Agaricus campestris fungal extract, was observed against the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Impregnation procedure was applied at four different concentration levels and with two different extraction methods (hot water and methanol). The concentration levels were arranged as 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% for hot water and as 1,25%; 3,75%; 6,25%; 8,75% for methanol. The wood protective efficacy of extract solutions was determined by means of fungi decay test. The mass losses of the samples treated with both fungal extracts ranged from 3,53 to 20,91. The lowest mass losses in hot water (4,57%) and methanol extractions (3,53%) were seen in the samples treated at the highest concentration levels (7% and 8,75%). The wood samples impregnated at 7% and 8,75% concentration levels met the requirements of durability class 1 and were classified as very durable. Antifungal activity of methanol extract was stronger than that of the hot water extract. The variations which concentration levels were less than 7% did not have adequate protection to meet the requirements of the European norms.

No abstract

Abstract:In this study, the protein and total phenolic contents of some commercially cultivated (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus) and wild mushrooms (Amanita caesarea, Fistulina hepatica, Meripilus giganteus) were determined. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these mushrooms against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were also investigated. The protein contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the mushrooms were found in the range of 11.00 -25.1%, 1.111 -3.858 mg GAE g -1 , and 1.528 -9.340 μmol FeSO4·7H2O g -1 , respectively. Meripilus giganteus had higher protein than all the tested mushrooms. The highest total phenolic content was detected in Agaricus bisporus obtained from B company (3.858 mg GAE g -1 ), whereas the lowest total phenolic content was observed in Meripilus giganteus (1.111 mg GAE g -1 ). Total phenolic and antioxidant properties of mushrooms were found significantly different (P<0.05) by Duncan's multiple range test. Methanolic extracts of the tested mushrooms showed no inhibitory activity against bacteria and yeast.