Background: Vitamin D is a potent inhibitor of the proinflammatory response and thereby diminishes turnover of leukocytes. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a predictor of aging-related disease and decreases with each cell cycle and increased inflammation. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine whether vitamin D concentrations would attenuate the rate of telomere attrition in leukocytes, such that higher vitamin D concentrations would be associated with longer LTL. Design: Serum vitamin D concentrations were measured in 2160 women aged 18 -79 y (mean age: 49.4) from a large populationbased cohort of twins. LTL was measured by using the Southern blot method. Results: Age was negatively correlated with LTL (r ҃ Ҁ0.40, P 0.0001). Serum vitamin D concentrations were positively associated with LTL (r ҃ 0.07, P ҃ 0.0010), and this relation persisted after adjustment for age (r ҃ 0.09, P 0.0001) and other covariates (age, season of vitamin D measurement, menopausal status, use of hormone replacement therapy, and physical activity; P for trend across tertiles ҃ 0.003). The difference in LTL between the highest and lowest tertiles of vitamin D was 107 base pairs (P ҃ 0.0009), which is equivalent to 5.0 y of telomeric aging. This difference was further accentuated by increased concentrations of C-reactive protein, which is a measure of systemic inflammation. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher vitamin D concentrations, which are easily modifiable through nutritional supplementation, are associated with longer LTL, which underscores the potentially beneficial effects of this hormone on aging and age-related diseases.
RESULTS Of the 1622 participants included, 438 (27.0%) were categorized as having DED. Women with DED showed a significantly lower HPT (P = .03) and HPST (P = .003)-and hence had higher pain sensitivity-than those without DED. A strong significant association between the presence of pain symptoms on the OSDI and the HPT and HPST was found (P = .008 for the HPT and P = .003 for the HPST). In addition, participants with an HPT below the median had DED pain symptoms almost twice as often as those with an HPT above the median (31.2% vs 20.5%; odds ratio, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.15-2.71; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High pain sensitivity and low pain tolerance are associated with symptoms of DED, adding to previous associations of the severity of tear insufficiency, cell damage, and psychological factors. Management of DED symptoms is complex, and physicians need to consider the holistic picture, rather than simply treating ocular signs.
Resolvins are omega-3 fatty acid derived potent bioactive lipids that resolve inflammation and modulate transient receptor potential channels. Exogenous administration of the resolvin precursor 17-HDHA shows a strong analgesic effect in animal models of osteoarthritis and acute inflammatory pain, but has not been studied in humans. Our aim was to assess the role of 17-HDHA and resolvins in heat pain sensitivity and in osteoarthritis pain in humans. Resolvins D1, D2, D3, D5, E1 and 17-HDHA, were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for association with heat pain thresholds in 250 healthy volunteers who had undergone quantitative sensory testing. Resolvins D1, D2 and 17-HDHA were then tested in 62 individuals affected with knee osteoarthritis and 52 age matched controls and tested for association with knee pain. Circulating levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were also measured. Levels of 17-HDHA, but not those of the other 5 resolvins tested, were associated with increased heat pain thresholds (beta = 0.075; 95% CI 0.024, 0.126; p < 0.0046). 17-HDHA was associated with lower pain scores in OA patients (beta −0.41; 95% CI-0.69, −0.12; p < 0.005; adjusted for covariates) but not with radiographic osteoarthritis. The associations of 17-HDHA with heat pain sensitivity and osteoarthritis pain were independent of DHA levels.
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