This study examined the effect of ligation on the load-deflection characteristics of nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wire. A modified three-point bending system was used for bending the NiTi round wire, which was inserted and ligated in the slots of three brackets, one of which was bonded to each of the three bender rods. Three different ligation methods, stainless steel ligature (SSL), slot lid (SL), and elastomeric ligature (EL), were employed, as well as a control with neither bracket nor ligation (NBL). The tests were repeated five times under each condition. Comparisons were made of load-deflection curve, load at maximum deflection of 2,000 microm, and load at a deflection of 1,500 microm during unloading. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett's test were conducted to determine method difference (alpha = 0.05). The interaction between deflection and ligation was tested, using repeated-measures ANOVA (alpha = 0.05). The load values of the ligation groups were two to three times greater than the NBL group at a deflection of 1,500 microm during unloading: 4.37 N for EL, 3.90 N for SSL, 3.02 N for SL, and 1.49 N for NBL (P < 0.01). For the EL, a plateau region disappeared in the unloading curve. SL showed the smallest load. The ligation of the bracket wire may make NiTi wire exhibit a significantly heavier load than that traditionally expected. NiTi wire exhibited the majority of its true superelasticity with SL, whereas EL may act as a restraint on its superelasticity.
Original paper Application of Thermography in Dentistry-Visualization of Temperature Distribution on Oral Tissues-Manabu KOMORIYAMA, Rie NOMOTO, Rin TANAKA1), Noriyasu HOSOYA2), Kazuhiro GOMI2), Fumiaki IINO2), Akihiro YASHIMA2), Yasuko TAKAYAMA3), Masahiko TSURUTA4), Hajime TOKIWA4), Kenzo KAWASAKI1), Takashi ARAI2), Toshio HOSOI3), Ayao HIRASHITA4) and Susumu HIRANO The purpose of this study was to devise and propose appropriate conditions for the photographing of thermal images in the oral cavity and to evaluate which thermography techniques can be applied to dentistry by evaluating the differences in temperature among oral tissues. Thermal images of oral cavities of 20 volunteers in normal oral condition were taken according to the guidelines of the Japanese Society of Thermography, with five added items for oral observation. The use of a mirror made it possible to take thermal images of the posterior portion or palate. Teeth, free gingiva, attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa were identified on thermal images. There were differences in temperature between teeth, free gingiva, attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa. These were nearly in agreement with the anatomical view. Thermography need no longer be restricted to the anterior portion using a mirror, and can now be applied to the dental region.
The purpose of this study was to examine the biofi lm removing and antimicrobial effects of microbubbled tap water and other functional water. The biofi lm removal test showed that the activity of microbubbled tap water against the biofi lm of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans was signifi cantly higher than that of ordinary tap water (p<0.01). When the antimicrobial activities of two types of functional water were compared, the activity of electrolyzed hypochlorite water was signifi cantly stronger than that of the ozonated water (p<0.01). The antimicrobial effect of the electrolyzed hypochlorite water was increased in the microbubbled form, and was stronger than microbubbled tap water. The same results were obtained not only for biofi lms, but also for planktonic microbes. Our results demonstrated that the microbubbled water showed strong biofi lm removing effects. Moreover, the application of functional water, such as electrolyzed hypochlorite microbubbled water was effective for both removing and sterilizing biofi lms.
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