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Immunohistochemical detection of lymphatic capillaries was performed in the periodontium of maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth from 6 horses (aged 3-23 years). Tissue sections of the periodontium were taken at 4 different horizontal levels along the long axis of the tooth. The specimens were processed for immunoreaction with anti-Prox1, in order to distinguish lymphatic endothelium from blood vascular endothelium. Lymphatic vessels were detected in all periodontal tissues except for the dental cementum. Lymphatic capillaries were most densely distributed in the gingiva compared to other tissues of the periodontium. Lymphatic capillaries were found most consistently in samples taken from the gingival and subgingival regions in all horses examined. Within these levels, the gingiva as well as the spongiosa of the maxillary and mandibular bone had the greatest incidence of lymphatic vessels. Considering the distinct distribution of the lymphatic capillaries in the periodontium of the maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth, two complementary lymphatic drainage pathways are proposed: (1) superficial lymph drainage via the gingiva, emptying into the mandibular lymph nodes; (2) deep lymph drainage via the mandibular and maxillary spongiosa, emptying into the mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, respectively.

ZusammenfassungDie Computertomographie (CT) hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten auch in der Pferdemedizin zu einem wichtigen diagnostischen Hilfsmittel entwickelt. Durch ihre hohe Kontrastauflösung liefert sie vor allem im Bereich des Knochens exzellente Bilder, aber auch Weichteile lassen sich immer besser darstellen. Auf dem Gebiet der Orthopädie wird die CT geschätzt, da sie überlagerungsfreie Schnittbilder und rekonstruierte dreidimensionale Aufnahmen erstellt, die die Bewertung von Lokalisation, Ausmaß und Charakter einer Erkrankung verbessern. In der folgenden Arbeit werden die wichtigsten Veröffentlichungen zur Computertomographie im Bereich des Bewegungsapparates des Pferdes aus den vergangenen 30 Jahren zusammengetragen.Schlüsselwörter: Computertomographie, Orthopädie, Lahmheit, Diagnostik, Pferd Computed tomographic examination of the locomotor apparatus of horses -a reviewTodays computed tomography (CT) is a well established diagnostic tool in equine medicine. Due to todays high resolution, detailed images can be obtained especially of bony structures, and the quality of soft tissue images is steadily increasing. The advantages of computed tomography for the diagnosis of orthopedic patients lie in the production of non-overlapping image slices and the possibility of threedimensional reconstruction. These improve the assessment of location, dimension and character of the disease process. In this paper we have compiled the major puplications concerning computed tomography of the equine locomotor apparatus from the past 30 years.