In the extensive literature regarding advantages of using IDS technique significant differences have been shown when compared to Delayed Dentine Sealing. Although more research is required in this field, presently there are NO scientific reasons not to recommend IDS in routine practice.

Europa is a premier target for advancing both planetary science and astrobiology, as well as for opening a new window into the burgeoning field of comparative oceanography. The potentially habitable subsurface ocean of Europa may harbor life, and the globally young and comparatively thin ice shell of Europa may contain biosignatures that are readily accessible to a surface lander. Europa’s icy shell also offers the opportunity to study tectonics and geologic cycles across a range of mechanisms and compositions. Here we detail the goals and mission architecture of the Europa Lander mission concept, as developed from 2015 through 2020. The science was developed by the 2016 Europa Lander Science Definition Team (SDT), and the mission architecture was developed by the preproject engineering team, in close collaboration with the SDT. In 2017 and 2018, the mission concept passed its mission concept review and delta-mission concept review, respectively. Since that time, the preproject has been advancing the technologies, and developing the hardware and software, needed to retire risks associated with technology, science, cost, and schedule.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient should never be restricted to the replacement of missing teeth. The ultimate aim of complete denture treatment should be restoration of the full range of oral functions and esthetics. Slumped cheeks are always a concern for esthetically demanding complete denture patients. This article describes a simple, scientific, cost-effective technique to improve facial esthetics in a completely edentulous patient with the help of a cheek plumper. The technique used here implements the concept of neutral zone to precisely determine the amount of space available for the cheek plumper. The simple friction lock attachments that retained the cheek plumpers on the prosthesis were also fabricated after determining the space available in the appropriate areas. Thus an effort was made to keep the cheek plumpers unobtrusive yet effective to ensure complete integration of the prosthesis into the stomatognathic system.

A 62-year-old male patient reported to Department of Prosthodontics, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Goa, India with the chief complaint of difficulty in eating and speaking due to teeth loss. History revealed that he had lost his teeth due to periodontal involvement and had been edentulous for eight years.On examination it was found that maxillary and mandibular ridges were atrophic. A thorough medical and dental history was elicited from the patient followed by clinical and radiographic examination. Treatment options discussed were pre-prosthetic surgery followed by conventional complete denture, implant-supported prosthesis and conventional complete dentures. Pros and cons of all were explained to the patient. He decided in favour of conventional complete denture prosthesis due to the cost involved and the surgical procedure involved in pre-prosthetic surgery and an implant-supported prosthesis.Steps for conventional complete denture fabrication were followed up till the try-in stage with the exception of using admix technique at the definitive impression stage and a neutral zone impression technique at the maxillo-mandibular relations stage for the mandibular atrophic ridge [1,2]. During try-in, esthetic and phonetic analysis of the trial dentures demanded an increase in the height of the dentures that in turn would increase the weight of the prosthesis. To reduce the weight of the prosthesis, it was decided to rehabilitate the patient with hollow dentures. TECHNIQUE1. V-shaped notches were made at five sites on the land area of the maxillary cast and the waxed maxillary denture was sealed to the master cast. The maxillary trial denture was duplicated with irreversible hydrocolloid impression material (Tropicalgin, Zhermack, Badia Polesine, Italy) and poured in Type III dental stone (Kalstone, Kalabhai Pvt., Ltd., Mumbai, India) to obtain a working cast.2. A template of 1mm thick BIOPLAST (Scheu Dental GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany) transparent film was then fabricated on this working cast with the help of a BIOSTAR (Scheu Dental GmbH) heat and vacuum press to obtain the trial denture external contours [Table/ Fig-1]. 3. The maxillary trial denture was invested and de-waxed in the conventional manner. ABSTRACTProsthetic rehabilitation of severely atrophic ridges has always been an ordeal for the clinician due to decreased support, stability and retention. Because of severe resorption the restorative space between maxillary and mandibular residual ridges is increased. Rehabilitation in such cases may result in increased height and weight of the prosthesis further compromising its retention and stability. This in turn overloads the underlying hard and soft tissues exacerbating ridge resorption so, in order to break this vicious cycle, the weight of the prosthesis needs to be reduced which can be achieved by making hollow prosthesis. This article describes a novel technique of fabricating a hollow maxillary complete denture.[ [

The success of removable prostheses ultimately depends on a number of factors such as retention, stability, support, esthetics, and masticatory function. Increased intraoral inter-arch distance leads to an increase in the weight of the prosthesis. This may compromise the retention and resistance, which are key for a successful removable prosthesis. Various methods, techniques, and materials have been reported to minimize the weight of a prosthesis. This article describes a simple, unique, precise single-flask technique for the fabrication of a lightweight maxillary prosthesis using caramel as a 3D spacer, which was "indexed" to obtain a uniform thickness of acrylic around the hollow cavity.