Abstract:The paper presents selected isotropic and anisotropic mathematical models to calculate the distribution of solar radiation on the photovoltaic module plane with any spatial orientation. A comparison of solar radiation models for Poland is based on measured data and received from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Power density of solar radiation for different angular positions, especially for representative days of each month, was calculated. Based on the statistical analysis of the percentage root-mean-square error (RMSE%), mean-bias error (MBE%) and the Pearson correlation coefficient of an individual mathematical model, our own correction factor for diffuse radiation was proposed. A modified Liu-Jordan model was compared with six common mathematical models showing better agreement of measured and calculated values of solar radiation density. The presented analysis explains which mathematical model is the most suitable for central Poland (Poznań, 52°25' N, 16°56' E) and shows the validity of applying the modified model to improve the accuracy of determination of the radiation power density for a given elevation and azimuth angle using values for a horizontal plane.
Abstract. The paper presents the methodology of minimisation of the unit cost of production of energy generated in the hybrid system compatible with the lead-acid battery, and used to power a load with the known daily load curve. For this purpose, the objective function in the form of the LCOE and the genetic algorithm method were used. Simulation tests for three types of load with set daily load characteristics were performed. By taking advantage of the legal regulations applicable in the territory of Poland, regarding the energy storing in the power system, the optimal structure of the prosumer solar-wind system including the lead-acid battery, which meets the condition of maximum rated power, was established. An assumption was made that the whole solar energy supplied to the load would be generated in the optimised system.
Abstract.One of the methods of renewable energy production is biogas plant. Products of anaerobic digestion are biogas and residual material called digested pulp or digestate. This material is commonly used as a fertilizer. One of a new possibility of digested pulp management is solid biofuels production after separation. This paper presents the calculation of cost for production of briquettes from digested pulp. The performed economic analysis proves that the production of briquettes from digested solid fraction (DSF) can be profitable and provide additional income for the biogas plant.
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